1. Impact of Technology Campaigns & Political Communication in the Age of Digital Networks

2. Pivotal Role of Technology Printing press Trains & telegrams Photography & moving pictures Radio Television Cable TV Internet

3. Importance of Internet As a source of political news Local Cable Network Internet 1/200048% 34%45% 9% 10/1238% 41%31% 36%

4. How is New Media Distinctive? Campaigns have more ways to reach voters Campaigns, voters & the news media connected with each other Citizens have the capacity to shift campaign narrative, so campaign organizations & media no longer in control.

5. Unfavorable Digital Coverage Clint Eastwood at GOP Convention 47% remarks by Mitt Romney Controversial comments about rape by candidates Todd Akin & Richard Mourdock. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTItMG0PtB8

6. Digital Cost-effectiveness for Campaigns Nanotargeting Data integration Economies of scale

7. Differences from Other Tools DIGITAL TOOLS ARE: ◦ Ubiquitous (everywhere) ◦ Unfiltered ◦ Powerful ◦ Social

8. Examples from 2008 & 2012 McCain Girls http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaP9eiW uX3s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaP9eiW uX3s Obama Girl http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKsoXH YICqU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKsoXH YICqU Pro-Romney ad made by students http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pNKSdp bXj8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pNKSdp bXj8

9. Voter-generated Chaos “ Voters take campaigns into their own hands” Examples: George Allen remarks in 2006 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r90z0PMnKwI Park Ridge47’s Think Different 2008 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6h3G-lMZxjo

10. One Dimensional Strategy 1D One way communication from campaign to voters/supporters Tight control over message In addition to traditional technology, may use email, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, campaign web sites.

11. Two Dimensional Strategy 2D Two-way relationship between campaign and voters/supporters Building a platform to mobilize voters in both real & virtual worlds Getting voters to act: make a donation, register to vote, sign a petition, etc..

12. Obama 2008 & 2D Strategy Thomas Gensemer The Difference Network, Marquette University https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAUvxVX1l 1I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAUvxVX1l 1I

13. Three Dimensional Strategy 3D People connecting with one another without mediation of campaign, media or party. Online supporters not just followers or receptacles but “strategic partners” who can help win (p. 187). Level of uncertainty & unpredictability

14. Obama 2012 & 3D Strategy Gregor Poynton from Blue State Digital https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSNQK28zi Js https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSNQK28zi Js

15. Social Networking Online communities where supporters can communicate with one another either offline or online.

16. Social Networking Use of social media increasing: In 2008, 37% of online adults In 2012, 69% of online adults Rosenblatt reports: 240 m. Americans on Facebook; 100 m. Twitter, 30 m. Pinterest.

17. Social Networking Age differences 92% of 18-29 year olds active; only 38% of those over 65 active. Ideological differences 79% of people identifying as Liberals, 70% of Moderates, 63% of Conservatives.

18. Social Media Sharing material online: from campaign organizations, news media, blogs, photos, user generated media.

19. Social Media Rosenblatt: 39% of Americans use social media to “engage in civic and political life, learning about issues & candidates; engaging in political and policy conversations, and influencing their personal networks on how to vote.” (p. 175)

20. Twitter Three methods for creating hyperlinks : 1. Distributing live web links. 2. Using “@TwitterName” to send out a public message to anyone on Twitter. 3. Using hashtag, “#topicX” to comment on a current issue or event, becoming part of public conversation.

21. Twitter Useful to predict campaign outcomes? “Any tweet is a good tweet for getting elected…” MSNBC http://video.msnbc.msn.com/jansing-and- co/52792791#52792791 http://video.msnbc.msn.com/jansing-and- co/52792791#52792791 Is that true?

22. Twitter Useful to predict campaign outcomes? * Critics point out that both incumbency & district partisanship are better predictors in congressional races. * Further, social bots acting like “real people” can use “tweets” to try to influence politics.

23. Future of Technology Google’s View On The Internet’s Future http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDtSCCjXE qo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDtSCCjXE qo Prometeus – The Media Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj8ZadKgdC 0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj8ZadKgdC 0

24. Future of Technology What might future campaigns look like, in your view?