1. Ch. 10 – Word Identification
Short Vowels
Onsets & Rimes
Consonant Clusters & Digraphs
Long Vowels
R-Controlled Vowels
Special Vowel Combinations
Phonic Generalizations

2. Short Vowels After consonants are taught Before long vowels
Most first words are c-v-c

3. Short Vowels How to teach? Direct practice Connected Text Reading
Decodable books
Reading A-Z

5. Onsets and Rimes
Onsets: the part of the syllable that comes before the vowel
Rimes: AKA phonograms or word families
Provides strategy for identifying unknown words

6. Onsets and Rimes - Consonant Substitution

8. Onsets & Rimes- Games
Tic-Tac-Toe
Hink Pinks
Make a Crazy Story

9. Make a Crazy Story
Mary went for a walk with her cat bat. They sat in the park for awhile and played with a small tall dog.

10. Consonant Clusters Consonant Diagraphs

11. Clusters & Digraphs Activities
Word sorts
Group-Response Activity
“She wore braces now her teeth are __
He is not weak, he is ___”

12. Long Vowel Sounds Easier to learn Sounds like the name
Same teaching strategies as Short Vowels
Writing

13. R-Controlled Vowels When a vowel is followed by an R Hard to learn
Many variations for same sound
How to teach?
Read stories
Matching activity (hands-on)

14. R-controlled Vowels

15. Special Vowel Combos

16. Special Vowel Combinations
Dipthong: gliding sound
Digraph: 2 vowels make 1 sound
Not taught as separate categories, but fall under Special Vowel Combinations
Infrequent and/or too many exceptions

17. Important Special Vowel Combinations
AU -OI -OY -OO -OU

18. Phonic Generalizations
Teach after basics
Obviously aids reading fluency
Provide opportunities
Memorize vs. Internalize

19. Phonic Generalizations
Common Vowel
Short vowels between 2 consonants
71%
When 2 vowels are together the first one does the talking
34%
Silent e at the end means a long vowel before
57%

20. Phonic Generalizations
Can you think of any?

21. Phonic Generalizations
Obstacles
Prompting
Many exceptions to the rules
“get” “friend” “way” “sew” “bread”
Can you think of any?

22. Phonic Generalizations
Help with Onsets and Rimes
“The human brain appears to have greater facility for detecting patterns than for applying rules”

23. Phonic Myths Direct –Practice activities are good enough
Middle & High School will never get it
It’s for bright students only
It’s the only way to teach reading