1. Developing Reading and Writing Fluency

2. Fluency “Fluency is the ability to read effectively, and it involves three components: 1) reading rate, word recognition and prosody Reading rate-refers to speed Word recognition-instantly recognize most words Prosody-expression, phrasing, and intonation Fluent readers comprehend more of what they are reading because they recognize and identify words easily Most students gain reading fluency by third grade (at least 100 wpm)

3. Promoting Reading Fluency Repeated readings Choral Reading Echo Reading Buddy Reading Model chunking and phrasing Frequent reading practice Reading stamina-(reading silently) Round-Robin Reading-no longer recommended

4. Word Recognition Sight words-words that students recognize on “sight” Through repeated readings, students develop automaticity, the ability to quickly recognize words without analyzing the word or word parts

5. Word Recognition Teach: Sight Words High Frequency Words By: Posting word walls Making Words Minilessons Repeated readings reading Clapping Chanting

6. Word Identification Strategies Strategies to identify words that student’s don’t recognize immediately Phonic Analysis Analogies Syllabic Analysis Morphemic Analysis

7. Figure 6--6 Word Identification Strategies Gail E. Tompkins Literacy for the 21st Century, 3e Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

8. Phonic Analysis Students use knowledge of sound symbol relationships Phonic generalizations-blends, cvce patterns, digraphs, etc.

9. By Analogy Student use knowledge of rhyming words Students use knowledge of onsets and rimes (word families) Bat, that, chat, mat, rat, slat, etc.

10. Syllabic Analysis Breaking words in to syllables can often help with pronunciation A syllable is a group of letters that forms a pronunciation unit Every syllable contains a vowel sound Diphthongs are treated as single units A syllable may have more than one vowel letter Open syllables- end in vowel sounds Closed syllables- end in consonant sounds Try these words: turtle, tiger, giraffe, zebra, alligator, elephant, zookeeper, monkey, facilitate, transportation

11. Morphemic Analysis Root words- a morpheme to which affixes are added Ex. port – report, reporter, transport, portable, deport Affixes: Prefixes and Suffixes-Letters or sequences of letters that are added to root words to Good readers learn to recognize common prefixes and suffixes Knowledge of prefixes/suffixes helps readers decode words as well as decipher meanings Suffixes- ex. –able (able to), -er (one who), -tion/sion (state of being), -ous (full of) Prefixes- ex. un-(not), pre-(before), bi (two), in-(not), dis-(not), bio (life)

12. Venn Diagram for trans and port transport

13. Assessment of Reading Reading Speed Phrasing Prosody Automaticity

14. Figure 6--11 Guidelines for Teaching Students to Identify Words Gail E. Tompkins Literacy for the 21st Century, 3e Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.