1. Jump to first page Language-mixing and research on bilingual acquisition of prosody a methodological review Olga Gordeeva Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh

2. Jump to first page Introduction (1) n a longitudinal analysis of speech production of Russian-Scottish English bilingual children (3;0 -- 4;0) n prosodic level of speech n extent of native-like command in relation to the language input n identify research specific language interference phenomena

3. Jump to first page Introduction (2) n instrumental and statistical analysis of the acoustic correlates of word-stress in close vowels duration / fundamental frequency / intensity n independent research variable extrinsic vowel duration (EVD) n monosyllabic carrier-words in picture-naming tasks repeated in time

4. Jump to first page Language mixing: definitions (1) Language Mixing Interference Code-switching

5. Jump to first page Language mixing: definitions (2) n language interference Ý bidirectional influence L A L B Ý Mennen 1998 Ý incidental nature (dynamic) metalinguistic awareness in adults (what about children, it is still to fully develop?) Ý representational (static) E.g. systematic phonic substitution /  / for /r/ where there is only one phoneme

6. Jump to first page Bilingual Child Speech Production of Language A "NATIVE” COMMAND OF Language A SPEECH IMMATURITY I NTERFERENC E FROM L B Specificity of child’s “native-like” production in Language A

7. Jump to first page Methodological Issues Three factors may distort the measured amount of language interference in speech production: n lack of language mode control n wrong reference for native-like command n child speech immaturity

8. Jump to first page Language Mixing and Language Mode Control LANGUAGE A (base language) LANGUAGE B MONOLINGUAL LANGUAGE MODE BILINGUAL LANGUAGE MODE 123 Grosjean(2001), representation of the language mode continuum Code-switchingInterference

9. Jump to first page Monolingual Language Mode Control: How? n confront subjects with a different experimenter for each language; n ask parents not to be present in the experiment location Lanza,1990: different parental strategies toward language mixing ==> extent of mixing in child speech. n non-use of cognates: Russian /  / Scottish E. /  /

10. Jump to first page Language Interference and Control of the Input n language input to the child may, but should not necessarily mean “standard language” input n input to the child language can be influenced by dialect, idiolect or L2 of caregivers. E.g.: RScottish English HOW? control for the child’s specific linguistic environment

11. Jump to first page Language Interference and Speech Immaturity n Matthews, 2001: variability and the acquisition of vowels in normally developing Scottish children n Problem: a non-adult like realisation may incidentally coincide with a cross-linguistic difference in focus of bilingual research. E.g. HOW? elicit multiple repetitions of carrier-words to assess incidence

12. Jump to first page Summary and Remaining Problems - maximal ruling out of code- switching by language mode may not be guaranteed in child speech - control for linguistic input from immediate sociolinguistic environment of the child - absence of monolingual Russian peers as controls in our research design - use sufficient number of repetitions of carrier words