2. Session Outline Background and importance of phonics What is phonics? Structure of phonics teaching Progression through the phases Ideas for supporting phonics

3. Background to Phonics Following Government guidance called Letters and Sounds The Intention is to “…equip children who are 5 with the phonic knowledge and skills they need to become fluent readers by the age of 7.” By the end of Year Two children should have completed phase 6. Phonics is crucial, as it aids the early reading development of children.

4. Blending Blending is the process of saying the individual sounds in a word and then running them together to read the word. E.g d- o- g and making dog. Some sounds (digraphs) are represented by two letters, such as sh. Some words in English have an irregular spelling and cannot be read by blending, such as said, was and one. These are called the ‘tricky words’.

5. Segmenting The easiest way to know how to spell a word is to listen for the sounds in that word. Take care with digraphs. The word fish, for example, has four letters but only three sounds, f-i-sh. Rhyming games and poems help here.

6. Structure of Phonics Daily for 20 to 25 minutes. 1.Revisiting and revising previous sounds and tricky words. 2.Teaching a new sound or spelling. 3. Practise reading and spelling the new sound. 4. Apply the new sound by reading and writing sentences using words containing the new sound.

7. Progression End of year 1 the children will complete a Phonics Screening test. Results of the screening check help to inform the teachers of any gaps in their phonics knowledge that need to be addressed. However, all children progress through the 6 stages.

8. Phase One Children develop their ability to explore, recognise and create sounds in the world around them. Children begin to understand the importance of sounds and how to distinguish between them.

9. Phase Two At this point the children are introduced to the majority of the sounds in the alphabet. Children learn sounds not in alphabetical order. The children begin to learn a small selection of sounds which they begin to apply.

10. Phase Three Children are taught one grapheme for each of the 44 phonemes. Children continue to learn to link sounds to letters, naming and sounding the letters of the alphabet. Recognise common digraphs such as ‘th’ and trigraphs ‘igh’.

11. Phase Four Children are taught to read and spell words containing consonant clusters. Children will be able to blend and segment consonant clusters in words and apply this skill when reading and spelling. Children will move from CVC words such as ‘pot’, to more complex words such as ‘crunch’.

12. Phase Five Children learn to recognise and use alternative ways of pronouncing the graphemes and spelling the phonemes already taught. Children will learn to use these alternative ways of pronouncing the graphemes (e.g. the ‘c’ in coat and city). Children begin to recognise an increasing number of high frequency words automatically.

13. Phase Six Children develop their skill and ability to read words automatically in reading and spelling. They will apply phonic knowledge to recognise and spell an increasing number of complex words. Children will be able to read an increasing number of high and medium frequency words independently and automatically. At this stage we move onto other areas including suffixes and syllables.

14. Ideas for Phonics Activities Sound Buttons: fish – f – i – sh lunch – l – u –n - ch

15. Your turn… Can you add the sound buttons to the following words… chip church scream paintbrush

16. Ideas for Phonics Activities Phonics Play: http://www.phonicsplay.co.uk/ Let’s have a go at the Obb and Bob game!

17. Thank you for coming! Please take time to explore the resources and to ask any questions.