1. Emergence of Labor Unions
Workers attempt to have their grievance addressed

2. Typical labor conditions
Seven day workweek
12 hour days
No vacation, sick leave, or compensation for injuries
Work related accidents were common
Women and children
Average wage for women: $267
Carnegie’s income in 1900: $23 million

3. The Pullman Strike Chicago, 1894
Interior of a Pullman Sleeper Car

4. Pullman Palace Car Company
Railway car company owned by George Pullman
Over 6,000 workers
Workers had lived in “company town”
Rent was 25% higher than other areas
Pullman, Illinois

5. Origins of the Strike Historical Context: Depression of 1893
Pullman cuts workers’ wages
But doesn’t cut rent for apartments

6. Strike Begins
May 10, Workers walk out

7. ARU Supports Pullman Workers
American Railway Union is a NATIONAL union of railway workers
Eugene Debs, ARU leader, decides to support Pullman strikers
Across the nation, railway workers refused to run trains that had Pullman cars attached to them
The country is paralyzed

8. Eugene Debs

9. President Grover Cleveland sends in troops

10. Violence Erupts Presence of Federal troops sets off riots
Rioters burn buildings, troops kill 4 and wound 20

11. Close Reading • What claims does the author make
Close Reading • What claims does the author make? • What evidence does the author use to support those claims? • How is this document supposed to make me feel? • What words or phrases does the author use to convince me that he/she is right? • What information does the author leave out?

12. End of Strike By August, strike fall apart 1000 union workers fired
New workers have to sign contracts promising not to join a union
Debs arrested and jailed for 6 months

13. Workers’ supporters

14. Management Supporters

15. What role should gvt play?
Review Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution.
Highlight phrases that could pertain to the appropriate government role in this case.

16. Government Action Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court Case
States win the right to set regulations on the railroad
Initiated by midwestern farmers- called “Granger Laws”
Wabash Case: Supreme Court Case 1
Severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce
Led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Act.
Interstate Commerce Act: Federal Law
Established the ICC which enabled the federal govt to regulate RRs. 1 8 7 1 8 6

17. Interstate Commerce Act 1887
Gave the federal gvt some power to regulate the RRs
Set up the Interstate Commerce Commission (5 members)
Weak, difficult to make RRs comply.

18. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890
Formation of trusts that interfered with free trade between the states or with other countries was deemed illegal.

19. Analysis of the Homestead Strike
Review the timeline in the context of the legislation.
Read the docs and answer the questions.
Source
Context
Close Reading

20. Mary Harris “Mother” Jones
“The workers asked only for bread and a shortening of long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions. The police gave them clubs.”
Write an analysis of the quote.