1. CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 1 Reformation to Modern Era “A systematic written account comprising a chronological record of events and ‘ usually including a philosophical explanation of the cause and origin of such events” Webster’s 3 rd edition What about Church History? PHILIP SCHAFF “Church history is the Holy Spirit’s instrument for conveying God’s works, Performed in and through His people in the past, to His people in the present.” EDWARD PANOSIAN “A study of the rise and progress of the kingdom of heaven upon the earth, for the glory of God and the salvation of the world.”

2. Why Do We Study Church History? I. To Know the Past A. The presence of the past B. The power of the past C. The purpose of the past II. To Expand the Present “While I am a great advocate of looking to the past, I would warn everybody against living in the past. The only justification for looking to the past is that we might learn great lessons from it and apply them” Martyn Lloyd-Jones III. To Shape the Future “Those who fail to remember the past are condemned to repeat it” George Santayana “Those who fail to remember the past are condemned not to repeat it” David B. Calhoun “Both by our action and inaction, we are making history” Juan Gonzalez

3. Apostolic Church Apostolic Fathers Church Councils Church History Ca. 30AD590 AD1517 AD Golden Age of Church Fathers Ancient Church HistoryMedieval Church HistoryModern Church History The Pre-Reformers The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire The Crusades The Papacy in Decline

4. The Context of the Reformation I. Political Context Saxony in Germany Frederick the Wise (1463-1525)

5. Holy Roman Empire Charles V

6. SPAIN ISABELLA Of CASTILE FERNINAND OF ARAGON

7. FRANCE FRANCIS I

8. ENGLAND Henry VII Henry VIII

9. ITALY Leo X (1513-1521) “The Renaissance Six” These six popes ‘possessed no sense of spiritual mission, provided no meaningful religious guidance, performed no moral service for the Christian world” Barbara Tuchman, The March of Folly

10. II. Social Context Growth of towns and cities New money economy III. Intellectual Context Growth of universities Printing IV. World Context Discoveries of the Western powers-Portugal and Spain Decline of Christianity in Asia Hills of eastern Syria Malabar coast of India Rise of Ottoman Turks “Beset by an advancing Islam in the East, having lost the larger proportion of its wide-flung communities in Asia, and suffering from corruption and indifference in the church which represented it in the West, in 1500 Christianity did not seem to face a promising future” Latourette, The History of the Expansion of Christianity 2; pg 341

11. V. Religious Context No assurance of salvation Emphasis on money, relics and indulgences VI. Luther’s 95 Theses “The strength and purity of the evangelism of the Theses is manifested in nothing more decisively than in their clear proclamation of the dependence of the soul for salvation on the mere grace of God alone” B.B. Warfield

12. HUMANIST NOT secular, atheistic WERE students of languages, history, literature TWO MAJOR CONCERNS 1. Reform of the church 2. Recovery of the Bible

13. The Important Humanists 1. Johannes Reuchlin (1455-1522) German Hebrew scholar Pfefferkorn & the Dominicans Letters of Distinguished Men Letters of Obscure Men 2. Jacques Lefevre D’Etables (1450-1536) French bible scholar Commentaries on Psalms (1509) and Pauline Epistles (1512) Translated Vulgate into French (1530)

14. 3. John Colet (1466-1519) English churchman, Dean of St. Paul’s, London “Without Greek, we are nothing.” Lectures on Romans at Oxford Historical-grammatical exegesis

15. 4. Erasmus ( 1466-1536)The Prince of the Humanists Critical edition of the Greek NT (1516) “The light that was then turned upon the Word of God has been shining steadily upon it ever since. From the moment when Judea and Greece rose from the grave, in the persons of Reuchlin and Erasmus, with the Hebrew and Greek Testaments in their hands, the treasures that they brought back to the world have been continuously under the scrutiny of men” Selected Shorter Writings of Warfield, 2:3 Wrote satire rather than serious tombs “We must rejoice in the gifts of Erasmus, which were of a truth great and significant enough, and ought to acknowledge God in them. But if we believe we have advanced farther, let us consider that this too was only granted to us of God” John A. Lasco “the grass withers and the flower fades, but the word of our God shall stand forever” (Isaiah 40:8)