1. From Head to toes to hands
Anatomy of Bones
From Head to toes to hands

2. Vocabulary Medial Apophysis Lateral Diaphysis Anterior Epiphysis
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Proximal
Distal
Dorsal/dorsum
Palmar
Plantar
Condyle/epicondyle
Fossa
Process
Tuberosity
Styloid
Apophysis
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Medullary cavity
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Periosteum
Endoosteum
Articular Cartilage/Hyaline
Osteocytes
Cancellous Bone
Wolff’s Law

3. Function of Bone 1. Body support 2. Organ protection
3. Movement (through joints and levers)
4. Calcium storage
5. Formation of blood cells (hematopoesis)

4. Types of Bone Flat- skull, ribs, scapula
Irregular- vertebral column, skull
Short – wrist and ankle
Long- humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges, metqacarpal/metatarsal

5. How the bone works You can see:
Diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, & endosteum
The end of bones have a layer of hyaline cartilage that provide a very smooth surface that protects and cushions blows to the joint.
Periosteum:
Covers long bones
Sharpey’s fibers connect the periosteum to underlying bone
Muscle/tendon fibers interlace the periosteum

6. Bone Growth Bone ossification occurs by the synthesis of osteoblasts
Osteoblasts builds new bone on the outside of the bone
Same time osteoclsts increase the medullary cavity by breaking down bony tissue.
Osteogenesis occurs when there is a balance of bone formation and bone destruction

7. Bone Trauma Periostitis Bone fractures Depressed fx
Greenstick fracture
Impacted fracture
Longitudinal fracture
Spiral fracture
Oblique fracture
Serrated fracture
Transverse Fx
Communited Fx
Contrecoup Fx
Blowout Fx
Avulsion Fx
Stress Fx.
Epiphyseal Fx: Salter-Harris Type I-V

8. Anatomy Of The Elbow/Wrist/Hand
1. Navicular (scaphoid)
2. Lunate
3. Triquetral
4. Pisiform
5. Hamate
6. Capitate
7. Trapezoid
8. Trapezium
9. Ulnar styloid
10. Radial Styloid
11. Distal/middle /proximal phalanx
12 DIP, PIP, MCP joints

9. Anatomy Of The Elbow 1. Humeral Shaft. 2. Radial Shaft.
3. Ulnar Shaft.
4. Olecranon Process.
5. Head of the Radius.
6. Coronoid Process of the Ulna.
7. Medial Supracondylar ridge.

10. Bones of the elbow 1 Capitulum- 2 Trochlea 3 Lateral epicondyle
4 Medial epicondyle

11. Radial Shaft.
Ulnar Shaft.
Humeral Shaft.
Medial Epicondyle.
Lateral Epicondyle.
Radial Tuberosity.
Olecranon Process of the Ulna.

12. Proximal Humerus and shoulder region
Scapula
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid fossa
Supra/infraspinatus fossa
Subscapularis fossa
Superior/inferior border and angle
Medial/lateral border
Spine of the scapula
Humerus
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Bicipital groove
Head of humerus

13. Superior angle
Head of humerus
Greater tubercle
Supraspinatus fossa
Infraspinatus fossa
Glenoid fossa
Inferior angle
Deltoid tuberosity

14. Shoulder Coracoid process Lesser tubercle Subscapularis fossa
Bicipital groove

15. Clavicle and Sternum
Manubrium
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid Process

16. Vertebrae Body Vertebral foramen Transverse process facets
Spinous process

17. Vertrebral Column 7-cervical 12-thoracic 5-lumbar Sacrum Coccyx
Sacral iliac joint

18. Hip/pelvis Iliac crest ilium ASIS AIIS ischium Head of femur
Greater trochanter
ILIAC TUBEROSITY

19. Hip/pelvis Iliac Crest Iliac Fossa ASIS Greater trochanter
Body of Pubis
Body of Ischium
Lesser trochanter

20. Knee Lateral femoral condyle Medial femoral condyle Gerdy’s tubercle
Fibular styloid
Medial tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
Head of fibula
Tibial tuberosity

21. Posterior knee Popliteal surface Intercondylar fossa Styloid of fibula
Posterior iintercondylar fossa