1. WORKSHOP AGIR HELSINKI JUNE 12-13, 2003 AGIR WP3: Determinants of retirement J. MESTDAGH – M. LAMBRECHT Federal Planning Bureau Economic Analysis & Forecasts

2. Data requirement ETLA Time use survey data (presentation) APW wages & pension levels Social security contributions (presentation) Income taxes Consumption taxes Wages household personnel (presentation)

3. Time use Survey Time Use Survey NIS 1999 8382 individuals in 4275 households By filling in diaries per 10 minutes 271 categories of activities By gender, age group, employment status, attained level of education, family situation and context

4. Time use survey: drawbacks Only averages available, not on individual level Cross-sectional survey, not longitudinal

5. Categories of activities 5 main categories of activities -Household work -Paid work -Leisure time -Basic needs -Travel time

6. Time use of men Hours spent on activity per week by working (FT) and retired men 15 22 35 30 50 73 85 12 8

7. Share in total time - men Working menRetired men

8. Time use of women Hours spent on activity per week by working (FT) and retired women 24273127 44 76 89 116

9. Share in total time - women Working womenRetired women

10. Conclusion Comparing time use of full time workers and retirees (both men and women) shows that retired people spend more time on - household work - leisure time - basic needs than active people do Attention: no longitudinal study!

11. FT working men and women Hours per week spent on activity 15 24 35 313027 7376 1211

12. Retired men and women Hours per week spent on activity 2227 5044 8589 8 6

13. Conclusions Comparing time use of men and women (both active people and retirees) shows that women spend more time on - household work - basic needs than men do. But gap for household work is smaller when retired

14. Theories of time use -Dual burden of work -Specialization of work -Continuity of life time patterns

15. Dual burden of work  not likely, at all ages difference between gender in total burden (paid + household) of work small

16. Specialization between gender Possible : leisure more or less equal, men more paid work, women more household work

17. Continuity of life time patterns No: significant difference in time use between active and retired people (cross-sectional)

18. Social security contributions Employee contributions: - 13.07% for all employees Employer contributions - 42.78 % for blue collar workers (includes annual vacation) - 26.80 % for white collar workers

19. Social Security contributions 3 categories of household personnel a)Less than 4 hrs a day or 24 hrs a week : no contributions due ( 96% of all personnel) b)More than 24 hrs a week and considered blue-collar worker: contributions due c)More than 24 hrs a week and considered white-collar worker: contributions due

20. Wages household personnel No reliable data on wages household personnel since most household personnel doesn’t have to pay SS contributions and are thus not included in statistics Alternative : minimum wages (source : Ministry of Labour and Employment)

21. Wages household personnel Only considering situation in which no SS contributions have to be paid (96% of cases) (in euro):20002001 Wage cost employer7.077.31 Gross wage7.077.31 Income taxes3.18 (45%)2.92 (40%) Net wage3.895.02