1. Daily Writing Prompt What is liability?

2. What is a Labor Union? Labor Union – an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

3. Quote “I regard people just as I regard my machinery. So long as they can do my work for what I choose to pay them, I keep them, getting out of them all I can.” - Manager of a textile mill in Fall River, MA (1855)

5. Union Tactics A strike is an organized work stoppage. Sometimes union members go on strike to improve their working conditions or wages. When union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new contract, collective bargaining occurs.

6. Union Laws Norris – La Guardia Act (1932) – made yellow-dog contracts illegal & injunctions harder to obtain. Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) (1935) – Gave workers the right to organize and required companies to bargain with unions.

7. Union Laws Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) – Minimum wage, outlawed child labor, created 40 hour work week and overtime pay. Clayton Act (1914) – Legalized strikes and picketing.

8. Mediation and Arbitration Sometimes union and company representatives cannot agree on the terms of a new contract. To ensure a new contract, mediation or arbitration can occur. In mediation, a neutral party tries to find a mutually beneficial solution. The solution can be rejected. In arbitration, a neutral party imposes a solution. It must be accepted. It is legally binding.

9. Mediation, you can reject. Arbitration, you must accept.

10. Workplaces Closed shop – hires only union members – mostly illegal today. Union shop – will hire non-union members, but requires them to join after a certain amount of time. Agency shop – hires nonunion workers & they are not required to join. They must pay dues however, and are covered by the union contract.

11. Valley Central School District is an agency shop.

12. Right-to-Work laws Some states have adopted “Right-to- Work” laws, which make it illegal for unions to require payment of dues. These laws hurt union membership Most Right-to Work states are in the South

13. E. Napp

15. Decline of the Labor Movement The influence of labor unions has declined in recent decades Protecting unnecessary workers Ties with organized crime Fulfillment of goals (40 hour work week, minimum wage Social Security)

16. Types of Workers Union membership is highest amongst blue- collar workers; those who perform manual labor, often in a manufacturing job, and earn an hourly wage.

17. Types of Workers Union membership is lowest amongst white- collar workers; those who are professional or clerical workers who usual earn weekly salaries

18. Outsourcing and Offshoring Outsourcing – contracting with a company to do a job that would normally be done by the company’s own workers Offshoring - the movement of a company’s operations to another country

19. Daily Writing Prompt What is a union?

20. Objectives By the end of today you will: 1.Evaluate different opinions of labor unions 2.Identify the benefits/advantages of belonging to a labor union

21. Warm-Up Summarize the author’s argument Do you agree or disagree? Why?

22. Daily Writing Prompt What the difference between an industrial union and a craft union?

23. Decline of the Labor Movement Taft-Hartley Act (1947) allowed states to pass “right to work” laws that ban mandatory union membership. Today, most are in the South. Less blue-collar workers (industrial & manufacturing jobs) More white-collar workers (professional & clerical jobs)

24. Decline of the Labor Movement Industries moving abroad More women in the workforce Re-location to the South

25. Negotiations Collective Bargaining - Union & company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract. Mediation – neutral mediator tries to find a solution. Arbitration – third party reviews the case & imposes a decision that is legally binding.

26. Daily Writing Prompt What is the difference between a closed shop and a union shop?

27. The Next 5 Days… Today: Finish notes & class work Tomorrow: Meet here, walk over to computer lab. Monday or Tuesday: Guest speaker Mr. Brown

28. Question: What does it mean to be unemployed?

29. Labor & Skill Levels Unemployment: 16 or older, temporarily laid off, not working, actively looking for a job Unskilled Labor: no skills, education, or training. Ex: janitors, waiters Semi-skilled Labor: requires minimal skills & education. Ex: lifeguards, cooks, construction workers.

30. Labor & Skill Levels Skilled Labor: specialized skills and training. Ex: Auto mechanics, plumbers, carpenters Professional Labor: demands advanced skills & education. Ex: managers, teachers, doctors, professional athletes

31. Fun Fact The current unemployment rate is 10% for high school graduates, and only 5% for college graduates…

32. Affirmative Action The use of policies, programs, and procedures to ensure the inclusion of minorities & women in job hiring and college admission. VERY controversial Glass ceiling – the unofficial, invisible barrier that keeps some women & minorities from advancing to the top ranks of business

33. Do Now: Work in pairs Grab a textbook from the back of the room Pg. 218 #1-6 Pg. 227 #1&3 Due at the end of the period

34. Daily Writing Prompt What holiday is the first Monday in September?

35. Answer Labor Day!

36. Strike – an organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands. Fiercely opposed by employers Fired union leaders, made workers sign “yellow-dog contracts,” and hired militias to beat up strikers Issued injunctions, or orders to return to work. Union Tactics