1. SECOND GROWTH AS HABITAT TO NOCTURNAL BIRDS: COMPARING OCCURRENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY FOREST AND DISTURBED ENVIRONMENTS" Mônica Sberze Ribas Gonçalo Ferraz Mario Cohn-Haft

2. Future second growth sites? Amazon deforestation Fearnside, unp. data

3. Impacts of deforestation on forest species www.seppo.net

4. Increase in second growth area Wright e Muller Landau 2006

5. Objective Compare the occupancy of primary forest and second growth sites by nocturnal birds.

6. Focal species Cohn-Haft et al. 1997 Nyctibiidae Nyctibius griseus Nyctibius leucopterus Strigidae Glaucidium harhyi Lophostrix cristata Caprimulgidae Nyctidromus albicollis Caprimulgus nigrescens

7. Study area

8. Sampling points

9. Analysis that incorporate reality of the sampling process Estimate occupancy (Ψ) accounting for imperfect detection (p) Likelihood approach: What is the probability of obtaining a line of data given a model? 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Co-variables – logit (Ψ) = β0 + β1cap Mackenzie et al. 2002, Hines 2004

10. Co-variables incorporated to the models Null ModelAlternative models Ψ(.)p(.) Ψ(SG)p(.) Ψ(SG)p(dry season) Ψ(SG)p(moon height) Ψ(SG)p(dry season + moon height) Ψ(.)p(dry season) Ψ(.)p(moon height) Ψ(.)p(dry season + moon height)

11. Influence of second growth in occupancy

12. Caprimulgidae and Strigidae pairs

13. Nyctibiidae pair – comparison between primary forest and second growth

14. Nyctibiidae pair – second growth modeling occurrence

15. Is second growth suitable for forest species? Expected (G. hardyi, M. watsonii, N. griseus, N. leucopterus, N. albicollis) Surprises (L. cristata, P. perspicillata, C. nigrescens e N. bracteatus) What exactly are they doing there?

16. Aknowledgments Rita Mesquita Ajudantes de campo