1. Writing INSTRUCTIONS Goal: Get the reader to follow instructions and get same result Must be clear and accurate Clear and simple instructions will never disappoint

2. 4 Must-Have Sections Introduction List of Materials/Equipment Steps Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION necessary background reader feels more comfortable/prepared You can do one or all of the following in your Introduction…

4. State why they are useful “The purpose of this procedure…” “These instructions will serve as…”

5. Indicate how machine/ procedure works “These instructions will teach you how to operate…” “This experiment will demonstrate the movement of water…”

6. Establish how long it should take Rdr will better be able to judge if he/she is doing it correctly “It should take about three and one- half hours from the time …to ….”

7. Stress advantages or benefits how it will save time; save money; allow rdr to accomplish task with fewer mistakes “As long as you follow these step-by- step instructions, you will…”

8. Inform user of special circumstances some instructions precede others or are used only on special occasions rdrs must know of changes for emergency situations “The following policy has been formulated to aid in maintaining …during periods of…”

9. List of EQUIPMENT or MATERIALS Place immediately after Intro Be precise: size/model/quantity Screwdriver– Phillips head Explanation of why certain equip/material is needed goes in (Parentheses) after item alcohol (used to clean stethoscope headphone) NOTICE: not Sandpaper (1/2 grade)

10. STEPS in Instructions Put in correct order Group closely related activities in one step those done simultaneously … “while” … Give hints on how best to accomplish “several thin coats will give better finish than one heavy one”

11. STEPS in Instructions State whether one step directly influences another “Step Two: Tighten fan belt. Failure to tighten fan belt will cause it to loosen and come off when lever is turned in Step 5 below.” Insert warnings/cautions only when absolutely necessary graphically set apart: cap letters, bold type, box, color

12. WARNINGS to prevent serious injury to SOMEONE WARNING: Handle carefully when opening— contains hot air and steam

13. CAUTION to prevent damage to EQUIPMENT CAUTION! wiping with damp clothe will ruin screen

14. insert NOTE include a NOTE box with additional information to aid reader’s understanding Place immediately after step it relates to NOTE: Allow an extra 5 minutes to cook if you desire crispier cookies

15. When writing Steps… LABEL with numbers USE Imperative ( ACTION) verbs delete “You” or “The user” start with action word 1. “Apply…” 2. “Cut…” 3. “Rotate…”

16. When writing Steps… Clear, Short sentences Precise terms for measurements, distances, and times Not “Turn a little” / Yes “Turn a three- quarters of an inch” Not “Let stand for awhile” / Yes “Let stand for 10 minutes”

17. adding VISUALS Place close to step Assign each a number & Refer to it IN text Figure 1 Figure 2 Exploded drawing– label parts Set off with white space

18. 4. Reach over his/her neck with your left arm and firmly grasp the elbow of the leg closest to the table. See Figure 1. NOTE: Always hold the leg close to the elbow, NOT close to the toes. 5. Keep your left elbow on his/her neck to prevent him/her from picking up his/her head. 6. Use the fingers of your right hand to pull back the ear flap to expose the inner side of the ear. (If the ear flaps are long, you can tuck the ear flap under your left elbow.) Figure 1

19. CONCLUSION Short: 2-3 sentences Provides… what to expect once finished how equipment is to operate how to maintain