1. Abraham Father of the Faithful Friend of God

2. Circumcision is the sign of the covenant. Where ever the covenant goes, circumcision goes. Each covenant heir is required to circumcise his household. Some foreigners will be circumcised because they belong to the house of the covenant heir; their representative father is the heir. Are Christians today commanded to circumcise according to Gen. 17? No

3. Movement of the Covenant Abraham Isaac Jacob (Israel) Because the Nation of Israel was the possessor of the covenant, circumcision was adopted into the Mosaic Law.

4. Abraham’s Sons IshmaelIsaac 6 sons by Keturah Offspring Sons, not offspring Eliezer318 Others of his house “sons,” not cov. line The Covenant (promise of land & seed) Circumcision (sign of the covenant) Headship of the nation of Abraham The covenant passes from Abraham through Isaac to Jesus who will inherit these offspring not cov. line Offspring & cov. line

5. The command to circumcision applies only to the covenant heir (the one possessing the covenant) and stops at Jesus. Proof: Circumcision is the sign of the covenant, and the covenant is established only through a specific line of Abraham’s descendants namely, Isaac and Jacob.

6. Genesis 17.7: “And I will establish My covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your descendants after you.” Genesis 17.19-21: But God said, “No, but Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. And as for Ishmael, I have heard you; behold, I will bless him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He shall become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. But My covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this season next year.”

7. Genesis 21.12-13: But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed because of the lad and your maid; whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her, for through Isaac your descendants shall be named. And of the son of the maid I will make a nation also, because he is your descendant.” Physical descendants, Covenant Line Physical descendants, Not the covenant line

8. Genesis 25.5-6: Now Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac; but to the sons of his concubines, Abraham gave gifts while he was still living, and sent them away from his son Isaac eastward, to the land of the east.

9. Ishmael, Abraham’s first-born is a clear example of a physical descendant of Abraham who is not of the covenant line. By the same reasoning, neither are those of Galatians 3.29: And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s offspring, heirs according to promise. In fact, Paul is proving in Galatians that Gentile believers are not outcasts because they are not of the covenant line.

10. The requirement of Circumcision moves with the covenant. Abraham is required to circumcise every male in his household. Isaac is required to do the same. Jacob is required to do the same.

11. Once Jacob becomes the keeper of the covenant: He is renamed Israel. His household becomes the nation of Israel (Abraham’s nation) God chose Israel to preserve the covenant and used the Law to insure that Jesus would be circumcised. As with Abraham’s household, all males including foreigners living with Israel were also required to be circumcised. The nation is given the ML which includes Abraham’s circumcision. This is why God was so angry with Moses for not circumcising his son. Romans 4 explains why the Abrahamic circumcision was included in the Law.

12. Jesus, clearly the promised seed of Eve, Abraham, and David is circumcised at 8 days old. He is the end of the seed line. At His death the Law’s requirement of circumcision (which is Abraham’s circumcision) is fulfilled. The sign of the covenant is in his flesh forever. This fulfillment is no different than that of the Mosaic food laws. Acts 10.13-15: And a voice came to him, “Arise, Peter, kill and eat!” But Peter said, “By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything unholy and unclean.” And again a voice came to him a second time, “What God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy.”

13. Just as the commandment to keep the Passover was fulfilled in Christ. Since His death, Christ Himself is the Passover Lamb. 1 Corinthians 5.7-8: Clean out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, just as you are in fact unleavened. For Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed. Let us therefore celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

14. For the Gentile: Acts 15 Galatians 5 For Jew and Gentile: Galatians 6.15: For neither is circumcision anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. 1 Corinthians 7.18-19: Was any man called already circumcised? Let him not become uncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not be circumcised. Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but what matters is the keeping of the commandments of God. For the Jew: Romans 2.28-29 The NT proves that circumcision after Christ’s death is not required for Jew or Gentile.

15. Titus was a Greek, Gal. 2.3 If Titus was not expected to be circumcised, neither are Christians today. Timothy was a Jew born before the death of Christ. Though his mother was a believing Jew, his father was a Greek whose faith is never mentioned. His father failed to circumcise him. His credibility among the Jews they were trying to evangelize would have been greatly compromised. Knowing his father was a Greek and had not circumcised him,Timothy would have been looked upon as Moses in Ex. 4, having no regard for Abraham’s circumcision. Why the different treatment of Titus and Timothy?

16. The sign of the covenant goes with the covenant. The covenant is passed to specific descendants of Abraham. Each covenant heir is commanded to circumcise his household. Jacob inherits the covenant. Israel becomes the covenant possessor. Jesus is the last of the seed line with whom the covenant was made. His death fulfills the Law which includes the the Abrahamic circumcision, the physical rite is no longer required. The NT clearly shows that a circumcised heart is the condition of the true follower of Christ. Summary