1. Total War, Totalitarianism, and the Arts
Chapter 34
Total War, Totalitarianism, and the Arts

2. WWI—The Great War

3. The Triple Alliance →The Central Powers
→Germany, Austria-Hungary,the Ottoman Empire

6. The Triple Entente
→ the Allied Powers
→Britain, France, Russia, Serbia

9. Trigger
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated while making a state visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.

10. Causes of WWI Militarism: armament race Nationalism: rival armed camps
Balkan Wars: Pan-Slavism

11. War as Celebration Romanticism: war as chivalrous adventure,
a quest for the heroic
Nationalism:
patriotic sentiments
fraternity

13. Trench Warfare
The Western Front: four hundred miles from the northern border of Switzerland to the English Channel.

16. The Home Front New opportunities for women.
Women in England, France, and Germany replaced men in all branches of civilian life.

21. Influences 1. Disillusionment:
--loss of faith in the Enlightenment tradition
--loss of faith in liberal-democratic values
(which contributed to Fascist ideologies)
2. The Lost Generation: 9 million killed
3. A fascination with violence:
Some veterans clung to an aggressive militarism and favored extremist political movements (Hitler and Mussolini)

22. After WWI: Era of Totalitarianism
Communist Russia
Fascist Italy
Nazi Germany

23. The Great Depression

26. WWII

27. Causes 1. 1919-1920 the Versailles treaty
2. the failure to create lasting, binding
standards for peace and security
(the League of Nations)
3. Economic conditions
4. Nationalism

28. 1930s 3 tests for the League of Nations China: Japanese invasion,
the “Rape of Nanjing” (1937)
Ethiopia: Mussolini’s invasion (1935)
Spain: Civil War ( ), fascist Franco vs. divided Republicans

32. 1939
Germany asked the Polish Corridor to be abolished. When Poland decided not to give in, Hitler attacked. WWII began.

33. The Holocaust
-WWII=a racial war
million Jewish people died

34. 1945 August 6 and 9 Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Japan surrendered.

35. 1945 United Nations founded 1947 Cold War started 1950 Korean War
Eastern Europe occupied by Red Army
Cold War started
Korean War
Berlin Wall built
Cuban missile crisis
Vietnam War
Year of liberation in Eastern Europe
Germany reunified;
Cold War ended

36. Artists

37. Leger, The Card Game, 1917

38. Leger, Three Women, 1921

39. Leger, The Mechanic, 1920

40. Leger,
The Builders,
1950

41. Rivera, Liberation of the Peon, 1931

42. Picasso, Guernica, 1937

45. The End