1. The Counter-Reformation & The English Reformation Essential Questions: 1) How did the RCC respond to the Protestant Reformation? 2) How do England’s leaders play a role in their nation’s religion?

2. Counter Reformation Aka the Catholic Reformation Aka the Catholic Reformation 2 goals: 2 goals: 1) strengthen the RCC 1) strengthen the RCC 2) prevent Catholics from converting to Protestantism 2) prevent Catholics from converting to Protestantism

3. Council of Trent Pope Paul III calls this council in 1545 Pope Paul III calls this council in 1545 Guiding reform Guiding reform Meets over the course of 20yrs. Meets over the course of 20yrs. Works to end abuses of the church Works to end abuses of the church Reaffirms traditional beliefs Reaffirms traditional beliefs Sets up schools Sets up schools Clergy are well educated Clergy are well educated

4. Loyola & the Jesuits Ignatius Loyola founds the religious order called the Jesuits Ignatius Loyola founds the religious order called the Jesuits Moral & spiritual discipline Moral & spiritual discipline Obedience to Catholic authority Obedience to Catholic authority Defenders of the faith Defenders of the faith Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to Asia, Africa, and the Americas Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to Asia, Africa, and the Americas

5. English Reformation: Political Background Info from feudalism to centralized power (ex. monarchy) from feudalism to centralized power (ex. monarchy) 1215CE: King John signs the Magna Carta 1215CE: King John signs the Magna Carta Magna Carta = charter that limits the king’s power Magna Carta = charter that limits the king’s power Ex. The Monarch cannot raise taxes without consulting his Great Council first Ex. The Monarch cannot raise taxes without consulting his Great Council first In 13 th Century, the Great Council becomes Parliament, a representative assembly In 13 th Century, the Great Council becomes Parliament, a representative assembly

6. Henry VIII (1491-1547) King of England King of England marries Catherine of Aragon, 1509 marries Catherine of Aragon, 1509 as of 1509, England is still Catholic as of 1509, England is still Catholic daughter, Mary, is born daughter, Mary, is born No male heir No male heir Henry wants an annulment (divorce granted by the church), but the pope refuses his request Henry wants an annulment (divorce granted by the church), but the pope refuses his request

7. Anglican Church Henry VIII breaks from the RCC Henry VIII breaks from the RCC Consults Parliament and passes laws that give him control of England’s church Consults Parliament and passes laws that give him control of England’s church Creates the Church of England Creates the Church of England By his death, Henry has been married 6 times By his death, Henry has been married 6 times One male heir, Edward, but he is sickly One male heir, Edward, but he is sickly

8. Mary Tudor’s Rule Henry’s 1 st born daughter becomes queen after King Edward dies Henry’s 1 st born daughter becomes queen after King Edward dies Mary declares England Catholic Mary declares England Catholic Kills Protestants (“Bloody” Mary) Kills Protestants (“Bloody” Mary) Dies in 1558 Dies in 1558 Next in line = Elizabeth I Next in line = Elizabeth I

9. Elizabeth I Reigns from 1558-1603 Reigns from 1558-1603 Establishes England as Protestant Establishes England as Protestant English Renaissance thrives under her rule English Renaissance thrives under her rule a fan of Shakespeare, supports him $$$ a fan of Shakespeare, supports him $$$