1. European Christendom 500-1300 Ms. Jerome

2. Emperor Diocletian Vast empire as ungovernable Split the Roman Empire in half Created two equal emperors to rule under the title of Augustus. Created the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire.

3. Persecution of Christians under Diocletian 284-305

4. Constantine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlnJRyZTfEo&fe ature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlnJRyZTfEo&fe ature=related Under Constantine, the Christians are the favored group in the empire Becomes Augustus in the West Signs the Edict of Milan, together with Augustus in the east, Licinus o Edict offers tolerance to the Christians

5. Constantine—Sole Ruler Licinus later returned to persecutions Defeated by Constantine at the Battle of Adrianople Constantine becomes sole ruler of entire Roman Empire Rome in the west was in decay Constantine created a new center in the east

6. Byzantium Constantine founded the Constantinople, the cite of the old Greek city Byzantium

7. Byzantium Mediterranean and Black seas connected through the Bosporus Strait As the West collapsed the East prospered The Byzantine Empire was the heir to the Roman Empire

8. Center of Trade Geographic location made Constantinople center of trade, linking Asia with Mediterranean Became a rich and powerful city Peaked under rule of Justinian

9. The Old Rome—the three siblings of Rome The Old Roman Empire was under three influences by 700 o The west: Political disintegration –the Medieval story (Feudal Pumpkin) o Eastern Roman Empire –wielded authority over the Balkans, Asia, Middle East, Egypt (Byzantine Empire) o South: a new power—Islam Would become the greatest of the three civilizations

10. Byzantine Culture Mostly Greek culture Always considered themselves Roman Completely disregarded Latin Grew to have little regard for the Pope Read a Greek Bible in the east

11. Byzantium Took religion form Christianity Took its culture form the Greeks Governmental structures were largely Roman

12. Justinian (527-565) The last of the Roman emperors Driven to revive the old Roman Empire by recovering lost Western provinces Co-ruled with his wife Theodora Together, they had three major accomplishments

13. 1. Construction of Hagia Sophia One of Byzantium’s foremost works of art Gold, silver, ivory and dazzling mosaics in the interior

14. 2. Corpus Juris Civilis The “body of civil law” Served as the basis of law in Western Europe and Byzantium Law code favored autocratic law over popular sovereignty Absolute rulers found much to admire in Justinian’s precept that “the emperor’s decree should be the unquestioned law”

15. 3. Resurgence of Imperial Rome Wanted to relive “imperial Rome” Attempted to recover all of the lost provinces in the West For a short time, Justinian succeeded in bringing almost all of the Mediterranean coastline under the domination of his “Roman authority” “For a few glorious years, the Mediterranean was again a Roman sea.” Campaigns were the “Gothic Wars” o Drained the Roman treasury o Bankrupted the Byzantine Empire o Barbarians would reconquer the land (save the Southern Italian coast) shortly after Justinian’s death

16. Eastern vs. Western Christianity Byzantine Christians rejected the Pope’s claim to authority over all Christians Byzantine clergy married Greek not Latin was the language of the Byzantine Church The Church divides largely over the issue of icons In 1054 there was a break and the East no longer recognized the Pope as the church Authority Byzantine Church—the Eastern or Greek Orthodox West became: Roman Catholic Church

17. Biblia Pauperum, the "Bible of the Poor”

18. Byzantine Heritage Although the Byzantine Empire would fall to Ottoman Turks (Muslims) the Ottomans would adopt much of its culture A blend of Greek science, Christian religion, philosophy, art, literature, engineering, law Preservation of classics Culture of Byzantine Empire would later influence the West in what becomes known as the Renaissance.