1. Times of Conflict

2.  Identify events that caused the Peloponnesian War.  Compare and contrast the roles of Athens and Sparta during the Peloponnesian War.  Explain how the government of Athens changed as a result of the Peloponnesian War.

3.  Demagogue – weak leaders who were popular because they told people what they wanted to hear, even though it was not true  Dictatorship – government with absolute power  Mercenary – soldiers willing to fight for anyone who pays them

4.  Leaders of Sparta feared Athens would gain too much power.  The rivalry between the powerful city-states of Athens and Sparta led to battles known as the Peloponnesian War.  Pericles invested tribute money into the navy which alarmed Spartans.  Fought for 15 years (460 BC- 445 BC)  445 BC both sides got tired of fighting; signed Thirty Years’ Peace Treaty

5.  14 years after Sparta and Athens agreed on Thirty Years’ Peace, war broke out again  A lengthy war between Sparta and Athens for 27 years resulted in the end of the Golden Age of Athens  Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 BC  Plague spread throughout Athens killing many Athenians including Pericles

6.  Athens went through a series of different leaders  Demagogues  In 405 BC the Spartans surprised the Athenian fleet near the Hellespont and destroyed it

7.  Spartans broke up the Athenian Empire and took control of the Athenian government  Instead of democratic rule, Athens was ruled by a dictatorial oligarchy, known as the Thirty Tyrants  Sparta changed Athens by changing it from a democracy to a dictatorship

8.  The Thirty Tyrants were overthrown, and the new leaders tried to restore Athenian democracy  Since many people still wanted strong leaders, Athenian democracy never fully recovered

9.  Competition and conflict continued among Greek city-states  Sparta and Athens were weakened from years of fighting  As a result, Thebes gained power on the mainland

10.  During Athens’s Golden Age, Sparta and Athens were the two most powerful city-states  Their rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War, which ended the Golden Age of Athens  Sparta’s victory in the war marked the beginning of a period of conflict and competition among the city-states  This caused the Greek city-states to become unstable

11.  What was the effect of Athens’s desire for more power?  Tension with Sparta, which led to the Peloponnesian War.  What events helped cause Athen’s defeat in the Peloponnesian War?  Sparta’s attack on Attica, a plague in Athens, the build up of Sparta’s army  What change did the Spartans make to Athen’s form of government?  They changed it from democracy to dictatorship  What changes in governing did Athens experience after the Three Thousand regained control of the city-state?  The Athenians set out about restoring democracy  After the Peloponnesian War, why did Athens, Corinth, and Argos form the Corinthian Alliance?  To defeat Sparta