3.  Government  Geography  Economics  Ideas  People

4.  Minoans were the following: - First Greek Civilization - Located along the island of Crete (Knossos) - 3000-1400 B.C.E. (1100 B.C.E.) - Trading community - Developed a writing system - Worshipped mainly goddesses - Civilization ended possibly at the hands of the Mycenaeans

5.  The Mycenaeans were the following: -Located on Mainland Greece -Height of their power around 1400 B.C.E. -Conquest and Trade -Defeated the city of Troy (during the Trojan War) -Controlled the Mediterranean Sea -Defeated the Minoans -Iliad and Oddyessey written about the Mycenaeans - Writing system showed early form of Greek

6.  Items Greece Imported were Oil Gold Timber Iron Grains/Barley Wool Copper Greece Exported: Grapes, Pottery, Silver, Olives

7. Monarchy 2000-800 B.C.E. in Greece Ruled by King (one person) Holds all the power No Queens in Greek times Inherited Power Advisors to help but limited Power Tyranny Mid 600s B.C.E. Greece Ruled by one person (Tyrant) Military Leader Seized power through force Popular at first (helped out the people) Kept Control by force Abused power through history Oligarchy 800s B.C.E. Greece Rule by a few (Shared power) Rich Aristocrats Land owners who had all the control Made laws for wealthy Rich became richer, Poor became Poorer Democracy 500s B.C.E. in Greece (Athens) Rule by the people (citizens) People have a say in government Direct and Representative Democracy Vote Pass and discuss laws Rights and Responsibilities

8.  Democracy = rule by the people  Direct democracy = all citizens meet together in one place to make decisions and laws (Greece)  Representative democracy=citizens elect representatives to make decisions and laws FOR them This is the USA also called a Republic

10.  On a narrow strip of land connecting Peloponnesus and Northern Greece  48 miles from Athens  Monarchy  Huge Unemployment problem (Public works jobs created)  Isthmian Games-like the Olympic Games but every 2 yrs and it included musical and poetry contests  Coins for currency (Pegasus) and an Agora  Earthquakes destroyed the city twice  Set up the Greek colony Syracuse in Sicily

11. Persian Wars A series of wars fought between the Persian Empire and the Greek city- states from 499-479 B.C.E. Polis The name for a Greek city-state Allies States that agree to help each other against a common enemy Athenian Someone from Athens Spartan Someone from Sparta Corinthian Someone from Corinth Persian Someone from Persia

12. Hoplite Greek civilian/soldier named after the shield that they would carry. Persian Empire The largest empire the world had seen up to its time. Persia ruled over Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Cavalry Soldiers who fought on horseback Trireme An ancient Greek wooden warship with 3 rows of oars on each side of the ship Phalanx A close knit fight formation perfected by the Greeks where they would interlock their shields and march/fight shoulder to shoulder with one another Hellespont The strait between the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara that separates Europe and Asia. Area where Persia set up pontoons and crossed into Greece. (Present day called the Dardenelles) Colonies Settlements set up in distant lands Ionian Revolt A rebellion by Greek colonies set up in Asia Minor to not follow the rule of the Persian Empire. Led to the Persian Wars.

13. King Darius King of the Persian Empire who invaded Greece at the start of the Persian wars. Led Persia at the Battle of Marathon King Xerxes King of the Persian Empire after Darius. Led Persia at the Battle of Thermopylae and all the battles that followed. Miltiades Athenian General who helped lead the Greek city-states to victory at the Battle of Marathon Leonidas King of Sparta who led 300 Spartans and other allies at the Battle of Thermopylae Herodotus Famous Greek Historian who wrote about the Persian Wars. Also known as the “Father of History.” Pheidippides Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to Athens to warn them about the Persian invasion. Themistocles Famous Athenian Naval Commander and politician who helped lead Greece to victory at the Battle of Salamis

15.  Athens and Sparta had worked together to defeat the Persian Empire  Athens in control of the Aegean Sea  Sparta in control of Peloponnesus  30 Years’ Treaty (agreement not to attack one another)  Lasted 27 years  Started when Thebes attacked Plataea  Thebes part of Sparta’s alliance (Peloponnesian League)  Plataea part of the Athenian alliance (Delian League) Sparta won victories at the early stages of it including 422 B.C.E. at Amphipolis  Athenian leader Nicias negotiated peace (Treaty of Nicias)  Only lasted 6 years  Athens tried to expand into Sicily (crushing defeat)  Sparta the victor and negotiated harsh terms for Athens