1. World History Through Architecture and Art

2. ANCIENT EGYPT
The theme of Egyptian architecture is: The Focus on the afterlife
Pyramids were built mostly by slaves to serve as tombs when the Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs died.
There are 138 pyramids found in Egypt as of 2008.

3. The Great Sphinx in Egypt
Surveying the sands of Giza, the great Sphinx has stood guard since about 2500 B.C. The greatest monumental sculpture in the ancient world, the Sphinx is carved out of a single ridge of stone 240 feet (73 meters) long and 66 feet (20 meters) high. It represent the body of a lion with the head of a king or a god.

4. Ziggurats Ancient Mesopotamia These were temples not tombs.
Kings built these temples to perform religious ceremonies.
Scientists have discovered 19 ziggurats and we know of 10 more through literature.
Ancient Mesopotamia

5. Greek Art and Architecture
The Parthenon
Greek Art and Architecture
Built in the city of Athens and dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Greek life was dominated by religion, their buildings were dedicated to the Gods.
The column is a common feature in their structures.
Their art tries to portray the human body “in motion” and “the beauty” of humans.
They used marble and limestone to build these structures.
Ancient Greece

6. Famous Greek Structures
The Dodoni Greek Theater
The Temple of Poseidon

7. Ancient Rome The Coliseum Roman Aqueducts
Completed in the year 80 A.D. by the emperor Vespasian.
The coliseum seated 55,000 spectators and was used to entertain the Romans.
Built to carry water from lakes to the Roman cities. The Arch was used for support.
The aqueducts provided Romans with a constant flow of water for their needs.
Ancient Rome

8. One of 1000’s of roads the Romans built by their army.
The remains of the famous Roman Forum
The Verona Arena built to seat up to 30,000 people.
The Baalbek temple built in Lebanon.
More Roman Structures

9. Ruins from the ancient city of Pompeii
Ruins from the ancient city of Pompeii. Destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in background.
Theater built in 16 B.C. in Merida (seats 6,000)
Notice how the Romans portrayed the human body.

10. Byzantium Empire Basilica of San Vitale Hagia Sophia
Built in 537; has been a church, mosque and museum. Located in Istanbul, Turkey.
Byzantine cathedral built in 547 in Italy.
Byzantium Empire

11. Byzantine Influence in Russia
St. Basil Cathedral Moscow 1561
The Hermitage St. Petersburg 1764
Byzantine Influence in Russia

12. Famous Ancient Structures in Asia
The Great Wall of China built over 2000 years to protect China from outside invaders.
Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple in the world. Located in Cambodia it was built in the 12 century.

13. Famous Ancient Structures in Asia
Forbidden City: built in 1406 in China during the Ming dynasty, has over 1000 buildings and was home to the emperor.
The Shwedagon Pagoda located in Myanmar is over 2500 years old and is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Asia.

14. Famous Ancient Structures in Asia
The Taj Mahal in Arga, India was built by emperor Shah Jahan for his wife. It took 20,000 workers and was completed in 1653.
The Potala Palace, located in Tibet was built in 1659 is the highest elevated Buddhist temple in the world.

15. Architecture of the Middle Ages
Chartres Cathedral in France (1193)
Architecture of the Middle Ages

16. Cathedrals of the Middle Ages
Notre Dame de Paris Paris, France Built in 1163
Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany Built in 1248
Cathedrals of the Middle Ages

17. Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England Built in 1258
A new style of architecture emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages. Some common traits of these Medieval churches included:
A. Stained glass windows
B. High vaulted ceilings
C. Tall arches and spires
D. Heavy roofs with thick walls.
Cathedrals were built in all European cities and represented the wealth of the church.

18. More examples of Middle Age Architecture
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italy)
Mont Saint Michel (France)
More examples of Middle Age Architecture

19. Castles of the Middle Ages
Tower of London London, England Built in 1078
Windsor Castle Berkshire, England Built in 1086
Castles of the Middle Ages

21. European Renaissance Architecture
Santa Maria del Fiore Florence, Italy (1446)
St. Peters Basilica
Vatican City (1506)
* Worlds largest church
European Renaissance Architecture

22. Renaissance Architecture
Architects were inspired by the highly symmetrical and carefully proportioned buildings of Classical Greece and Rome.
Features of Renaissance buildings:
- Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors.
- Extensive use
of columns and pilasters.
- Arches
- Domes
- Sculptures

23. Famous Renaissance Paintings

24. Architecture from the Enlightenment Period 1600 - 1800
Architecture was marked by a return to the intrinsic dignity of what a contemporary called "the noble simplicity and tranquil loftiness of the ancients.“
Classical style had resisted baroque influences, the great country houses of the nobility now exhibited a purity of design, which often included a portico with Corinthian columns.
Architecture from the Enlightenment Period

25. History and How the Palace of Versailles was constructed

26. Architecture in the Americas: Pre-Columbus
Machu Picchu (The Incas)
Chichen Itza (The Mayans)
Tenochtitlan (The Aztecs)
Architecture in the Americas: Pre-Columbus

27. Famous Structures in the United States
Mount Rushmore
Statue of Liberty
Famous Structures in the United States

28. Famous Structures in the United States
Golden Gate Bridge
Empire State Building
Famous Structures in the United States

29. Famous Structures in the United States
St. Louis Arch
Washington Monument
Famous Structures in the United States

30. Famous modern works around the world
In the United Kingdom

31. In Europe

32. Around the world

33. We are still learning about…
Man Made Structures
We are still learning about…

34. Easter Island (Pacific Ocean) Built around 13th to 15th centuries
Stonehenge
Amesbury, England
Built around 2600 B.C.
Easter Island Heads
Easter Island (Pacific Ocean)
Built around 13th to 15th centuries

35. The Great Zimbabwe Ruins “The three buried ancient circles in Turkey”
Built around the 11th century
“The three buried ancient circles in Turkey”
Built long before Stonehenge in Southern Turkey these ancient relics still pose questions for scientists.

36. Some pictures of the world’s tallest structures
And Finally…
Some pictures of the world’s tallest structures

37. (1) Burj Khalifa (2) Shanghai Tower
Dubia, UAE (2010)
2717 Feet
(2) Shanghai Tower
Shanghai, China (2014)
2073 Feet

38. (3) Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel
Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2012)
1971 Feet
(5) Taipei 101
Taipei, Taiwan (2004)
1670 Feet

39. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998)
(8/9) Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998)
1483 Feet
(57) Burj Al Arab
Dubai, UAE (1999)
1053 Feet

40. Hopefully you have seen how architecture has changed over the centuries and time periods. It will be interesting to see how architecture will evolve in the 21st century.