2.  Where did you see prejudice (specifically, racism)?  Where does “racism” lie?  Who can be racist (sexist, etc.)?  What are some possible causes of racism?

3.  Expectations  Perception and Cognitive processing › Memory storage & retrieval processes: Selective attention › Input : perceptual filters: Selection/ Selective perception › Storage : Long and short-term memory › Retrieval : Forgetting, memory interference: Selective recall  Interpretation

4. Social Identity Theory Gudykunst & Lim, 1986 Interpersonal Intergroup Interpersonal Intergroup High Low High Low

6.  Interpersonal : individual perception of communicators, based on personal experiences  Intercultural : real differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, regardless of awareness  Intergroup : perceived differences between communicators based on group identity (e.g., in-group/out-group perception, stereotypes, prejudice)

7.  Axes: › Internal/External › Controlability › Permanence  Biases › Self-protective bias: › Other biases (primacy, recency, consistency, etc.) › Fundamental attribution error: › Ultimate attribution error :  “We lost the game because Negative OutcomePositive outcome Me/my group “Them”/ “their” group

8.  Categorization? › Why is it good? › Why is it bad? › How does it work?  Stereotypes › Overgeneralizations › Social stereotype › Content and other dimensions › Kernel of truth › Media

9.  Whites (of Blacks): › Loud/Noisy › Showy › Aggressive › Active › Boastful  Blacks (of Whites) › Demanding › Manipulative › Rude › Critical › Superficial

10.  Behavior or attitude?  Intent or result of action? › Communicative prejudice: ethophaulisms (epithets) › Racial jokes  Individual or Institutional › Direct versus indirect institutional racism  Overt versus subtle/symbolic/everyday  Who can be racist, sexist, etc.?

11.  Exploitation theory (e.g., Marxist)  Scapegoating  Authoritarian personality  Structural approach

12.  The main point:  Four (or three) main aspects) › Spheres: group identities on which one can be intolerant › Stances: positions towards various groups › Levels/layers of analysis: levels at which intolerance exists  Layers: Implies: ____________________

13.  Biological/instinct  Individual level › Behavioral/psychodynamic › Cognitive  Group-level  Message-level (rhetoric, media, f2f)  + Policy/law level?  + History/ current impetus?

14.  Hate Crimes against Asians: An interaction in Bro-Menn Hospital: “Why don’t you people just go home?”  Hate crimes website: http://infidelsarecool.com/2010/01/22/fb i-releases-2008-hate-crime-statistics/ http://infidelsarecool.com/2010/01/22/fb i-releases-2008-hate-crime-statistics/  The Contact Hypothesis: › Defined › Clarifications

15.  Anti-Indian sentiment in B-N  Heterosexism/homophobia in high schools  Racial tensions in a Cincinnati community  Palestine/Jewish Israeli tensions