1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Global Social Problems: War and Terrorism This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Chapter Outline Nature of war Consequences of war Military technology War Types of terrorism Revolutionary, repressive, state-sponsored Terrorism in the U.S. Terrorism Biological Psychological Functionalist Conflict Interactionist Explanations of war and terrorism

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 War Organized, armed conflict between nations or distinct political factions Declared or undeclared Civil and guerilla wars Covert operations Some forms of terrorism War system Components of social institutions and cultural believes promote warriors, weapons, and war as a normal part of society.

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Nature of War War is an institution that involves violence. War is a form of collective violence: Organized violence where people promote their cause or resist social policies or practices considered oppressive. War is persistent

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Consequence of War Direct effect of war is loss of human life and serious physical/psychological effects (PTSD) Nuclear war would be most devastating Weapons of Mass Destruction Nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological weapons that would kill thousands upon impact Patriotism is a function of war Creates an external enemy for people to hate A dysfunction is that it dehumanizes the enemy

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7. Military Technology Most significant is weapons system: Comprises a weapons platform, and the means of command and communication. Strategically significant weapon: Brings force to bear in a way that decisively erodes war making capability of the enemy. Military technology is a dominant factor in winning wars 14th century – smaller armies defeated large ones by using newly discovered black powder Today – Precision-guided munitions make global warfare possible

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9. Terrorism Terrorism is the use of calculated, unlawful, physical force or threats of violence to achieve a political, religious, economic, or social objective Tactics include: Bombing and Kidnapping Hostage taking and Hijacking Assassination and Extortion Terrorism like war is a major threat to world stability and domestic safety

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Types of Terrorism Political Terrorism: Uses intimidation, coercion, threats of harm, and other violent attempts to bring about a significant change in or overthrow an existing government. 3 types of political terrorism Revolutionary Terrorism: Refers to acts of violence against civilians that are carried out by enemies of a government who want to bring about political change. Repressive terrorism Conducted by a government against it own citizens to protect political order State-sponsored terrorism A government provides resources for terrorists to conduct activities in other nations

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Terrorism in the U.S. Four types of terrorism that offer greatest threat to U.S. 1. Foreign-sponsored terrorism on U.S. Soil: September 11, 2001 2. Domestic –sponsored terrorism: Oklahoma City Bombing, Unabomber 3. Terrorism in other nations that might affect U.S. citizens traveling or residing there: Tourist destinations or U.S embassies 4. Information terrorism: Hackers who destroy computer systems

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Explanations of War and Terrorism Biological Perspectives: People inherit a tendency toward aggressive behavior Premeditate violence is used by humans (especially males) and lower animals to intimidate enemies No conclusive scientific evidence exists to support this view

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Perspectives Psychological: It is easier to harm enemies when they are depersonalized People are more likely to act violently when they are in positions of power Some people can commit horrible atrocities through the process of doubling, or splitting oneself into two selves

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Sociological Perspectives Functionalist : Some functionalists focus on social disorganization and warfare. Disorganization leads to political instability Others see war as functional: Settles disputes between nations Demonstrates that one nation has power over another Punishment Disseminates ideologies Stimulates the economy

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Sociological Perspectives, cont. Interactionist: Social Construction of Masculinity The connection between manhood and militarism is created and recreated through gender socialization Males learn to be dominant, powerful, violent, and aggressive from sports, the media, etc.