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Scripture Studies Chapter 2 The Old Testament
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The Old Testament Read: Matthew 5:17-48 Romans 3:1-4:12
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The Old Testament The prophecy of the Old Testament is fulfilled in Jesus
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The Old Testament CCC 121:The Old Testament is an indispensable part of Sacred Scripture. Its books are divinely inspired and retain a permanent value,92 for the Old Covenant has never been revoked. (1093)
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The Old Testament CCC122: Indeed, “the economy of the Old Testament was deliberately so oriented that it should prepare for and declare in prophecy the coming of Christ, redeemer of all men.”93 “Even though they contain matters imperfect and provisional,”94 the books of the Old Testament bear witness to the whole divine pedagogy of God’s saving love: these writings “are a storehouse of sublime teaching on God and of sound wisdom on human life, as well as a wonderful treasury of prayers; in them, too, the mystery of our salvation is present in a hidden way.”95 (702, 763, 708, 2568)
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The Old Testament The Books of the Old Testament Law History Wisdom
Prophecy
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The Old Testament The Law Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy
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The Old Testament The “JEDP” theory of the Pentateuch
J: “Yahwist” or “Jehovist” source E: “Elohist” source D: “Deuteronomic” source P: “Priestly” source
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The Old Testament History Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel
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The Old Testament History 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles
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The Old Testament History Ezra Nehemiah Tobit Judith Esther
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The Old Testament Joshua
Tells how the Israelites, led by Joshua, the successor of Moses, began their conquest of Canaan
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The Old Testament Judges
Continues the story of the conquest of Canaan and the death of Joshua It tells how, time and time again, the people of Israel were unfaithful to God And how as a punishment He let them fall into the hands of their enemies Each time, when they repented, God sent a “Judge” to be their leader and save them
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The Old Testament Ruth Set in the time of the Judges, the book of Ruth tells the story of a foreign woman who converts to the worship of the one true God. She marries Boaz, a wealthy Israelite Her great-grandson David would be king of Israel Therefore she is also the human ancestor of Jesus
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The Old Testament 1 Samuel
Tells the tragic story of Saul, the first king of Israel Saul was anointed king by the prophet Samuel Starts out well but loses God’s favor by his disobedience Involves Israel in a long civil war with his successor David
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The Old Testament 2 Samuel
Continues the story of David after the death of Saul God’s everlasting covenant with David makes Jerusalem the religious center of the world David builds the nation of Israel into a strong power, but also suffers the consequences of his sin.
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The Old Testament 1 Kings
Continues with the reign of David’s son Solomon, who is famous for his wisdom and makes Israel a mighty empire Much of the book is taken up with the most important event of Solomon’s reign: the building of the Temple in Jerusalem Solomon and his successors fall into idolatry, and God rebukes them through Elijah
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The Old Testament 2 Kings
Tells how Israel’s two kingdoms, Judah and Israel, become deeply divided by falling away from God and turning to foreign idols Finally God allows both kingdoms to be conquered and destroyed
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The Old Testament 1 Chronicles
Continues the history of 1 and 2 Samuel, but from another point of view Emphasizes the religious aspect of David’s reign Especially his preparations for building the Temple
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The Old Testament 2 Chronicles Continuation of 1 Chronicles
Retells some of the events of 1 and 2 Kings Emphasizes the kingdom of Judah
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The Old Testament Ezra Tells how some of the Jews are allowed to return to Israel after a long exile in Babylon Tells how they rebuild the Temple and try to restore the worship of the true God
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The Old Testament Nehemiah
Continues the story begun in Ezra, telling how the returned exiles restore the city of Jerusalem and promise to live by the law of Moses Much of the book is from the memoirs of governor Nehemiah
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The Old Testament Tobit
The story of a pious man, who follows the Law even in exile His son is faithful to the Lord Son ends up rich and happily married
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The Old Testament Judith
Tells how a heroic woman saves Israel by a clever strategy Her success comes about because she trusted in God
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The Old Testament Esther
Tells the story of a heroic Israelite woman who becomes Queen of Persia She saves the Jewish people from the plots of evil enemies
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The Old Testament Wisdom Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes
Song of Solomon Sirach
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The Old Testament Job Why does God let bad things happen to good people? A long debate between Job’s friends on this puzzle They insist that God rewards good and punishes evil Job insists that it doesn’t always happen that way
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The Old Testament Psalms
Psalms is a collection of religious songs and poems, many of them attributed to king David The greatest religious poetry ever composed is in the book of Psalms We hear it every day in our liturgy And many phrases common in our language comes from Psalms
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The Old Testament Proverbs Proverbs is a collection of sayings
Many of them are attributed to king Solomon Each one gives an important truth in a short and memorable form Many are in the form of “ ” but “. . . ”
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The Old Testament Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes is a long meditation on vanity The complete pointlessness of worldly things Nothing in this world is lastingly worthwhile The only thing that matters is God
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The Old Testament Song of Solomon The world’s most famous love poem
A bride and groom speak of their love for one another Since earliest times, the Church has seen the poem as an allegory of Christ’s love for his Church
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The Old Testament Wisdom Full title is The Wisdom of Solomon
A poem in praise of wisdom Includes a long section on how patient God has been with human folly
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The Old Testament Sirach A book about how to live a good life
How to live in the real world without compromising our faith in God
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The Old Testament Prophecy
Prophecy means to speak in place of or for someone else Prophets were called to speak for God without regard for their station in society Abraham was the first prophet Most prophets were men
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The Old Testament Prophecy
Prophets sometimes did not appear for long periods, but showed up when the people were in need This especially happened during the 11th century – 5th century God sent prophets to guide his people regularly
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The Old Testament Prophecy (Major Prophets) Isaiah Jeremiah
Lamentations Baruch Ezekiel Daniel
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The Old Testament Prophecy (Minor Prophets) Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah
Jonah Micah Nahum
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The Old Testament Prophecy (Minor Prophets) Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai
Zechariah Malachi
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The Old Testament Isaiah
Isaiah contains some of the clearest prophecies in the Old Testament of the coming of Christ Warns of the disaster that will befall Israel if the people do not turn back to God Promises redemption to the people even though they have sinned
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The Old Testament Isaiah was probably written and edited in at least two parts at different times and by different authors Probably done during the Babylonian exile
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The Old Testament Old Testament Timeline
Genesis – impossible to assign a timeline to the events of Genesis Ca BC – God calls Abram (Abraham) to go to the land of Canaan. Time of the Patriarchs Ca BC – Jacob and his sons go to Egypt Ca BC – Joseph dies in Egypt
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The Old Testament Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers Deuteronomy and Job probably composed/conflated during this period Ca BC – Moses born Ca BC – traditional dating of the events described in Job Ca BC – God appears to Moses, Israelites escape from Egypt
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The Old Testament
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The Old Testament Ca BC – Moses dies within sight of the Promised Land Joshua, Judges, Ruth composed during this period Ca.1406 BC – Israel begins conquest of Canaan under Joshua Ca BC – Joshua dies Ca, BC – traditional date of events in Book of Ruth
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The Old Testament Ca. 1120 BC – Samson is born
1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings (begun), 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles (begun), Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and Wisdom probably composed during this period Ca BC – Samuel is born Ca BC – Saul becomes king of Israel Ca BC – David becomes king
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The Old Testament Ca. 970 BC – Solomon becomes king
Ca. 930 BC – Solomon dies 1 Kings (finished), 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles (finished) Tobit, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hosea, Joel, Amos Ca. 930 BC – Rehoboam becomes king Ca. 926 BC – The ten northern tribes revolt against Rehoboah
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The Old Testament Ca. 912 BC – Elijah begins his career as a prophet
Ca. 896 BC – Elijah is taken up into heaven Ca 721 BC – Assyrians conquer Israel and take ten tribes into captivity Ca. 705 BC – Traditional date of the events described in Tobit
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The Old Testament Judith, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel
Ca. 586 BC – Babylonians destroy Jerusalem, raze the Temple, and carry Judah into captivity Ca. 539 BC – Cyrus (Persian king) conquers Babylon Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Sirach written during this period Ca. 537 BC – Decree of Cyrus allows Jews to return to Jerusalem
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The Old Testament Ca. 515 BC – after some delay and opposition by the Samaritans, the Second Temple is built Ca. 336 BC – Alexander the Great begins his conquests Ca. 175 BC – Antiochus Epiphanes becomes king
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The Old Testament Antiochus Epiphanes was determined to destroy all worship of the “One True God” He believed that public acts of extreme cruelty would discourage the Jews from following their God Ca. 167 BC – Persecution of the Jews, revolt begins
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The Old Testament Antiochus’ mistake was underestimating the devotion and faith of the Israelites The Maccabean Revolt led eventually to independence 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees is written Ca. 164 BC – Temple rededicated Ca. 134 BC – John Hyrcanus becomes high priest
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The Old Testament Typology
When we read the Old Testament, we see many things that point to events in the New Testament, the coming of the Messiah Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac points to God’s sacrifice of His Son Jesus on the cross Thus we say that Isaac it a “type” (prototype) of Christ The study of “types” such as this in the Old Testament is called Typology
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The Old Testament Typology is a way of teaching by analogy
We explain the new in term of the old
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The Old Testament Fulfill Genealogy Law Old Testament Pentateuch
Prophet Type Typology Wisdom Literature
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The Old Testament Who came to fulfill the prophecies of the Old Testament?
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The Old Testament Which two historical figures does Matthew mention as ancestors of Jesus Christ at the beginning of his Gospel?
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The Old Testament Where is the Old Testament perfected?
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The Old Testament What does the New Testament accomplish?
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The Old Testament What does Jesus’ genealogy indicate?
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The Old Testament What are the four main types of books in the Old Testament?
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The Old Testament Which books are the books of the law?
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The Old Testament What are other names for the books of the law?
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The Old Testament What does the word “Pentateuch” mean?
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The Old Testament What do the historical books describe?
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The Old Testament Which book includes many religious poems attributed to David?
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The Old Testament Which three books of the Old Testament are named for women?
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The Old Testament Why are the books from Hosea to Malachi called “Minor Prophets?”
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The Old Testament What can we discover from reading the Old Testament?
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The Old Testament What are biblical types?
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The Old Testament How did the Old Testament writers date events?
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The Old Testament What are the names of the four sources which contributed to the compilation of the Pentateuch?
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The Old Testament What is a “heresy?”
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