1. Education School Ethos, Labelling & Streaming,

2. School Ethos  A school’s ethos includes its  Ambitions  Culture  Values  Expectations  Rules & discipline  Curriculum

3. Labelling  Teachers are often involved in making judgements about pupils  These judgements can effect the pupils educational success  Students are constantly being assessed by teachers by academic ability and behaviour in class

4. Labelling  Pupils can be labelled as brighter than others in the class  Or as the “chatty” or “lazy” pupils in the class  Once labelled, the teacher will react to the child according to how s/he is expected to act  The pupils’ actions will be interpreted in terms of the label.  Jot down an example of this

5. Self – fulfilling prophecy

6. Streaming & Setting  Primary school children are put into “sets” from a young age  These are often named by colours  Children will be put into these sets in terms of their perceived ability  Secondary school children are placed in subject grouped sets or streams and will be taught at that level for all subjects

7. Streaming  Streaming has a powerful influence on pupil sub cultures  This can sometimes have negative influences for both the teacher and the school  Most teachers prefer to teach higher ability groups  The lower groups often form anti – school subcultures  Teachers spend more time disciplining these groups rather than teaching them

8. Streaming  Teachers may expect less from students in the lower streams  These students will often be entered for lower level examinations  It is often the case that streaming reflects social divisions in society  Middle class students are usually found in the higher sets  Lower class students are usually found in the lower sets

9. Arguments for streaming and Setting  Children are judged by their performance as they will be in wider society  It creates a competitive atmosphere that encourages hard work  Stretches the brightest pupils whilst allowing the less able to work at their own pace  It is easier to teach pupils of one ability rather than teaching mixed ability classes

10. Arguments against setting and streaming  It LABELS students, which can produce a SELF- FULFILLING PROPHECY  Anti – academic SUBCULTURES can develop as a response  Pupils can be discriminated against, for example, ethnic minorities may be put in lower streams than their ability indicates  Moving up the streams is difficult because the speed and content of the work is different  Lower groups are disadvantaged because they are taught at a lower level and disciplined more

11. Evaluation  Give one example of how teachers may label students  Identify and explain 1 possible effect of the self-fulfilling prophecy on students  Outline and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of setting and streaming in schools