1. The Canonization 2015-4-241

2. 1. It is a love poem in which John Donne takes a positive attitude towards love. It consists of five nine-lined stanzas. In the first stanza the author asks people not to disturb his love. In the second stanza, the poet puts up a rhetorical question, asking “ who's injured by my love? ” In the third one the poet says love has combined her and him into one and their love is mysterious. In the fourth, the poet prepares to die for love, and to be canonized for love. The last stanza draws the conclusion that the poet's love would be a pattern of other's love. The general metrical form of the poem is iambic pentameter alternating with iambic tetrameter, with a rhyme scheme of abba ccc aa. canonization: the act of officially declaring someone to be a saint. Here “ love ” is canonized. The Canonization [1] 2015-4-242

3. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 2. Line 1: the poem is in the conversational tone. It is addressed to people in general. The Canonization 2015-4-243

4. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 3. Line 2 ～ 3: childe: scold; palsy: paralysis; gout: a disease causing inflammation of the joints, especially the toes, knees, and fingers. “ My five gray hairs ” refers to the coming of old age. Ruined fortune indicates Donne's ruined career after his marriage with Ann More (according to some critics). Flout: mock, treat contemptuously. The objects of “ flout ” are “ hairs ” and “ fortune ”. or … or: either … or The Canonization 2015-4-244

5. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 4. Line 4: improve your state with wealth and your mind with arts. state: position; improve: make better. The objects of “ improve ” are “ state ” and “ mind ”. The Canonization 2015-4-245

6. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 5. Line 5: Get yourself a career, get yourself a position of employment. place: a position of employment The Canonization 2015-4-246

7. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 6. Line 6: observe: attend to; his honour: a person of importance; his grace: some bishop. “ Grace ” is a title of address applied to an archbishop. The Canonization 2015-4-247

8. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 7. Line 7: The king himself or as he appears on money. the king's real (face): the king in person, the king himself; his stamped face: the coin on which the face of the king is stamped. The Canonization 2015-4-248

9. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 8. Line 8: contemplate: Gaze at thoughtfully. The objects of contemplate' are “ real ” and “ face ”. what you will, approve: approve what you will. approve: try, experience The Canonization 2015-4-249

10. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love [2], Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five grey hairs, or ruined fortune flout [3], With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve [4], Take you a course, get you a place [5], Observe his Honour, or his Grace [6], Or the King's real, or his stamped face [7] Contemplate; what you will, approve [8], So [9] you will let me love. 9. so: so long as, if only The Canonization 2015-4-2410

11. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 10. Alas, alas: an exclamation used to express sorrow, pity, or concern The Canonization 2015-4-2411

12. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 11. sighs, tears, colds, heats: the conventional Petrachan hyperboles for love sickness used as an argument that their love affects nobody else's business. This usage of the words is known as “ conceit ”. colds: indifference to love; hearts: violent passion The Canonization 2015-4-2412

13. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 12. overflowed his ground: flooded his ground The Canonization 2015-4-2413

14. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 13. Line 13: Has my indifference to love held back an early spring? forward spring: the spring that comes earlier than usual; remove: to send or put away The Canonization 2015-4-2414

15. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 14. Line 15: one more: one more person; plaguy bill: plague bill, i.e., the list of the names of the persons who died in the plague The Canonization 2015-4-2415

16. Alas, alas [10], who's injured by my love? What merchant's ships have my sighs [11] drowned? Who says my tears [11] have overflowed his ground [12]? When did my colds [11] a forward spring remove? [13] When did the heats [11] which my veins fill Add one more to the plaguy bill [14]? Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, which quarrels move [15], Though she and I do love. 15. Line 16 ～ 17: soldiers find wars: soldiers will find wars. Lawyers find out still / Litigious men: lawyers will still find out men who are fond of going to court. which: who (men); quarrels move: move quarrels, stir up quarrels The Canonization 2015-4-2416

17. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 16. such: such things as listed in the following lines The Canonization 2015-4-2417

18. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 17. fly: moth, the life of which is very short The Canonization 18. tapers: slender candle 2015-4-2418

19. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 19. at our own cost die: die at our own expense. The moths are attracted by the fire of the candle and burn themselves to death. The tapers also burn themselves. The Canonization 2015-4-2419

20. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 20. the Eagle and the Dove: the predatory and the meek. The Eagle is the symbol of strength, and the dove is the symbol of mildness. The Canonization 2015-4-2420

21. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 21. The Phoenix: a mythical bird. It could live 500 years, and then was reborn out of its own ashes, not by sex, and so it contained in one individual the male and female principle. The Canonization 2015-4-2421

22. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 22. more wit: more sense The Canonization 23. By us: By our example 2015-4-2422

23. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 24. Line 25: Both sexes meet in one neutral thing. so: in such measure, referring to “ we die and rise the same ” in the following line. one neutral thing: the phoenix The Canonization 2015-4-2423

24. Call us what you will, we are made such [16] by love; Call her one, me another fly [17], We are tapers [18] too, and at our own cost die [19], And we in us find the Eagle and the Dove [20]. The Phoenix [21] riddle hath more wit [22] By us [23]; we two being one, are it. So to one neutral thing both sexes fit [24], We die and rise the same [25], and prove Mysterious [26] by this love. 25. the same: the same as before death The Canonization 26. Mysterious: worthy of reverence, as mysterious as the mythical phoenix, like religion mysteries. 2015-4-2424

25. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 27. it: love The Canonization 28. And if unfit for tombs and hearse / Our legend be: and if the legend of our love is not worthy of the honour of being inscribed on tombstone or carried to the grave by hearse. legend: our legendary love; hearse: a vehicle for carrying the coffin at a funeral 2015-4-2425

26. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 29. chronicle: history The Canonization 30. sonnets: love poems 2015-4-2426

27. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 31. rooms: stanzas. The original meaning of “ stanza ” in Italian is “ room ”. The Canonization 2015-4-2427

28. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 32. Line 33 ～ 34: a well- worked urn befits the ashes of the greatest one as well as a half-acre tomb. becomes: suits, befits; the greatest ashes: the ashes of the greatest person who dies for love; half-acre tomb: very large tomb. Here the poet is taking the urn as the love lyric, the tomb as the chronicle of worldly achievements. The Canonization 2015-4-2428

29. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 33. these hymns: referring to the sonnets written in their praise by succeeding generations of lovers The Canonization 2015-4-2429

30. We can die by it [27], if not live by love, And if unfit for tombs and hearse Our legend be [28], it will be fit for verse; And if no piece of chronicle [29] we prove, We'll build in sonnets [30] pretty rooms [31]; As well a well-wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs [32], And by these hymns [33], all shall approve Us canonized for love [34]: 34. all shall approve / Us canonized for love: all men will recognize that we have been made holy for our love. all: all men in the future generation; approve: allow The Canonization 2015-4-2430

31. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 35. invoke us: pray to us as saints The Canonization 2015-4-2431

32. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 36. Line 38: You lovers give hermitage (a hiding place) to each other. The Canonization 2015-4-2432

33. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 37. to whom love was peace: The love between the poet and his lover was peaceful and quiet. The Canonization 2015-4-2433

34. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 38. that now is rage: Love today is sexually violent The Canonization 2015-4-2434

35. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 39. the whole world's soul contract: draw the souls of all human beings. contract: draw together, epitomize (in Line 43) The Canonization 2015-4-2435

36. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 40. drove: crammed. The objects of the word are “ countries, towns, courts ” in Line 44. The Canonization 2015-4-2436

37. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 41. the glasses of your eyes: your eyeballs The Canonization 2015-4-2437

38. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 42. Who did the whole world's soul … Countries, Towns, Courts ： who reduced the entire animating principle of the world to yourselves, concentrated all society into your own eyes, which accordingly mirrored and epitomized it. The Canonization 2015-4-2438

39. And thus invoke us [35]; “ You whom reverend love Made one another's hermitage [36]; You, to whom love was peace [37], that now is rage [38]; Who did the whole world's soul contract [39], and drove [40] Into the glasses of your eyes [41] (So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize), Countries, Towns, Courts [42]: beg from above [43] A pattern [44] of your love! ” 43. beg from above: beg from heaven The Canonization 44. pattern: model 2015-4-2439