1. Syntax, Rhyme, Rhythm, Diction, figurative language
Poetic ANalysis
Syntax, Rhyme, Rhythm, Diction, figurative language

2. Syntax Syntax is the ordering of words into patterns and phrases
These terms are helpful when discussing poetic syntax:
Caesura
Enjambment
End-stopped

3. Caesura
a pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause.
Example: “To err is human, to forgive divine”

4. the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next
Enjambment
A thing of beauty is a joy forever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness but still will keep
A bower quiet for us, and asleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing

5. End-Stopped a line with a pause at the end Example:
True ease in writing comes from Art, not Chance,    As those move easiest who have learn’d to dance.

6. Rhyme
close similarity or identity of sound between accented syllables occupying corresponding positions in two or more lines of verse

7. Rhyme Scheme
The way rhymes are arranged in a poem

8. Rhyming Patterns AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
Poets can choose from a variety of different rhyming patterns.
(See next four slides for examples.)
AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
ABAB – lines 1 & 3 rhyme and lines 2 & 4 rhyme
ABBA – lines 1 & 4 rhyme and lines 2 & 3 rhyme
ABCB – lines 2 & 4 rhyme and lines 1 & 3 do not rhyme

9. AABB Rhyming Pattern First Snow Snow makes whiteness where it falls.
The bushes look like popcorn balls.
And places where I always play,
Look like somewhere else today.
By Marie Louise Allen

10. ABAB Rhyming Pattern Oodles of Noodles I love noodles. Give me oodles.
Make a mound up to the sun.
Noodles are my favorite foodles.
I eat noodles by the ton.
By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr.

11. ABBA Rhyming Pattern Let me fetch sticks, Let me fetch stones,
From “Bliss”
Let me fetch sticks,
Let me fetch stones,
Throw me your bones,
Teach me your tricks.
By Eleanor Farjeon

12. ABCB Rhyming Pattern The alligator chased his tail
Which hit him in the snout;
He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it,
And turned right inside-out.
by Mary Macdonald

13. Devices of Sound Poetry is meant to be read and heard
There are many devices that poets use to add qualities that can be heard in poetry
Rhythm
Repetition
Alliteration
Consonance
assonance

14. alliteration Gnus never knew pneumonia
 the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the                      beginnings of words

15. consonance
the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words
Add and read
Bill and ball
Burn and born

16. Assonance The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds
A land laid waste with all its young men slain

17. Rhythm the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables
The presence of rhythmic patterns lends both pleasure and heightened emotional response to the listener or reader
“To be or not to be”

18. Diction The way the author uses words in a literary work
Formal: the level of usage common in serious books and formal discourse
Informal: the level of usage found in the relaxed but polite conversation of people
Diction
The way the author uses words in a literary work
Colloquial: the everyday usage of a group, possibly including terms and constructions accepted in that group but not universally acceptable)
Slang: a group of newly coined words which are not acceptable for formal usage as yet

19. Figurative Language
Writing that used words to mean something other than their literal meaning
Types we will be discussing:
Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Personification
Apostrophe

20. Simile Compares two things using “like” or “as” Examples:
My Love is like a fever
The winter wind is like a howling wolf

21. Metaphor A direct comparison of one thing to another unlike thing
Examples:
My love is a fever
The wind is a howling wolf

22. Hyperbole
A deliberate, frequently outrageous and extravagant, exaggeration
"I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China and Africa meet, And the river jumps over the mountain And the salmon sing in the street, I'll love you till the ocean Is folded and hung up to dry And the seven stars go squawking Like geese about the sky."

23. Personification
A kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or ideas humanlike qualities
I’d love to take a poem to lunch But I was going to say when Truth broke in With all her matter-of-fact about the ice- storm

24. Apostrophe
Someone (usually not present), something, or some abstract idea is directly addressed as though they were present or could hear
Papa Above!                  Regard a Mouse.                                   -Emily Dickinson      
          Milton!  Thou shouldst be living in this hour;                  England hath need of thee                                    -William Wordsworth