1. Aircraft Seating Systems Current Issues & Trends Frank Heming, Ph.D. Chief Engineer - Certification AMI Aircraft Seating Systems February 17, 2000

2. Presentation Overview b SAE b SAE SEAT Committee b ARAC b ARAC Seat Harmonization Working Group (SHWG) b Dynamically b Dynamically Certified Seats

3. SAE SEAT Committee Charter b SCOPE: Address issues related to the design and performance of aircraft seating systems. b Membership: 34 Members / 7 Alternates / 4 Liaison / 88 Mailing List b Organization: Parent Committee & Working Groups

4. SAE SEAT Committee Working Groups b Restraint b Restraint Systems b Component b Component HIC Testing Replacement/Modification b Side b Side Facing Seats b Methods b Definitions b Abuse/Assist b Abuse/Assist Loads

5. SAE SEAT Committee Restraint Systems b AS8043A : Restraint Systems for Civil Aircraft Complete Update of of DocumentComplete Update of of Document Adding Push Button BucklesAdding Push Button Buckles Lift Lever Buckle Release AngleLift Lever Buckle Release Angle Rotary Buckle Release Angle Rotary Buckle Release Angle b ARP 5585 (Draft): Re-webbing of Restraint Systems by Non-OEMs

6. SAE SEAT Committee Component HIC Testing b Develop and validate a component HIC tester b Use the HIC tester to substantiate changes to a dynamically certified seat b Primary work effort at Wichita State University

7. SAE SEAT Committee Component Replacement/Modification b ARP (Draft): Modification or Replacement of Components on Dynamically Certified Seat Systems Outlines the engineering evaluation appropriate for making minor changes to the seat systemOutlines the engineering evaluation appropriate for making minor changes to the seat system Defines Primary & Secondary ComponentsDefines Primary & Secondary Components Restraints and cushions are priority itemsRestraints and cushions are priority items

8. SAE SEAT Committee Side Facing Seats b AS8049/1: Performance Standard for Side - Facing Seats in Civil Aircraft Develop criteria for level of safety equivalent to forward/aft facing seatsDevelop criteria for level of safety equivalent to forward/aft facing seats 3-point restraint system (shoulder restraint over leading shoulder)3-point restraint system (shoulder restraint over leading shoulder) Added TTI and pelvic acceleration criteriaAdded TTI and pelvic acceleration criteria Neck load criteria being evaluatedNeck load criteria being evaluated

9. SAE SEAT Committee Methods b ARP (Draft) : Photometric Analysis Procedures for Impact Testing Defines the test set up requirements, analysis procedures and documentation for impact tests requiring photometric analysisDefines the test set up requirements, analysis procedures and documentation for impact tests requiring photometric analysis b Worst Case Analysis (On Hold) b Certification by Analysis Methods (On Hold)

10. SAE SEAT Committee Definitions b ARP (Draft) : Definitions Provides definitions and criteria for commonly used terms relative to aircraft seat systemsProvides definitions and criteria for commonly used terms relative to aircraft seat systems Examples:Examples: –Seatback Handhold in Turbulence –Life Vest/Lifejacket Retrieval –Tray Table Latch Retention –Sharp Edges

11. SAE SEAT Committee Abuse/Assist Loads b ARP 5475 : Abuse Load Testing for In-Seat Deployable Video Systems Provides guidelines for abuse load testing of a deployable Individual Video System (IVS)Provides guidelines for abuse load testing of a deployable Individual Video System (IVS) IVS includes all components from the monitor to the seat interfaceIVS includes all components from the monitor to the seat interface Defines static test procedures and performance criteriaDefines static test procedures and performance criteria

12. SAE SEAT Committee Upcoming Meetings b May 23 - 25: Orlando, Florida b September: Montreal, Canada

13. SAE SEAT Committee Contacts b Chair: Frank Heming/ AMI Aircraft Seating Systems/ 719-638-2179/frankh@amiind.com b Vice-Chair: Phil Holland/ Millennium Concepts/ 316-821-9300/ pholland@millenniumconceptsinc.com pholland@millenniumconceptsinc.com b Secretary: Lindsay Zollinger/ Exponent/ 623-582-6949 / lzollinger@exponent.com 623-582-6949 / lzollinger@exponent.com b SAE Staff: Elizabeth Demoratz 724-776-4841, x7292/elizd@sae.org

14. ARAC Seat Harmonization Working Group b TASK 1: FAR/JAR 25.562 Test Article Selection Process and Pass/Fail Criteria for PAX Seats b Task 2: Seat Belts for In-Flight Only Seats b Task 3: FAR/JAR 25.785 Occupant Protection for PAX Seats

15. ARAC SHWG Task 1: Test Article Selection Process b Objective: Simplify & standardize the test article selection process for PAX seats b Approach: Develop a decision process to select test seats based on a simplified critical case analysis b Key Concepts: Definition of Family of SeatsDefinition of Family of Seats Test Article Selection for Baseline TestsTest Article Selection for Baseline Tests Structural Pass/Fail CriteriaStructural Pass/Fail Criteria

16. ARAC SHWG Task 2: Seat Belts for In-Flight Only Seats b Objective: Clarify the need for restraints, in the form of seat belts, for in-flight use only seats b Key Concepts: Lap restraints must be availableLap restraints must be available Seat must have back supportSeat must have back support Seat and restraint must meet in-flight loads and flammability requirementsSeat and restraint must meet in-flight loads and flammability requirements No retrofit requiredNo retrofit required

17. ARAC SHWG Task 3: Occupant Protection b Objective: Provide harmonized guidance on occupant protection for PAX seats under FAR/JAR 25.785 General Design PracticesGeneral Design Practices In-arm Video CertificationIn-arm Video Certification Seat Back Mounted Accessory CertificationSeat Back Mounted Accessory Certification b Approach: Pre- and Post-Amendment 25-64 AircraftPre- and Post-Amendment 25-64 Aircraft Two Injury Mechanisms: Blunt Trauma & Sharp EdgesTwo Injury Mechanisms: Blunt Trauma & Sharp Edges

18. Dynamically Certified Seats 16g Seat Design b b Static Requirements 14 CFR 25.561 Loads & Flight/Ground Loads b Flammability Requirements 14 CFR 25.853 (b) & (c) b Dynamic Requirements 14G & 16G Tests Structural & Occupant Injury Evaluated b Seat System Evaluated Seat, Restraint, Cushions and Occupant

19. Dynamically Certified Seats TSO-C127a & 14 CFR 25.562 b TSO-C127a specifies that compliance with HIC, femur loads and permanent deformation limits are not required for TSO approval, but must be collected and provided to the installer. b A TSO-C127a approved seat plus the installation data for HIC, femur loads and permanent deformations is used for installation approval to 14 CFR 25.562.

20. Dynamically Certified Seats Issues & Trends b Seat System Approach Complicates Changes b Minor Change Impacts on TSO and Installation Approvals Must be Substantiated b Old Ways of Doing Business at Completion Centers and Overhaul Shops No Longer Valid b Industry Groups Working to Simplify, Clarify and Better Define the Certification Process b FAA Instituting Partnership for Safety Plans to Clarify Roles and Responsibilities

21. Closing Comments b Seat Certification Continues to be Costly Complicated and Time Consuming b Changes to Dynamically Certified Seats Require More Attention and Substantiation b Industry and the Authorities Working to Simplify and Clarify the Process b Increased Understanding by All Groups Involved Is Needed to Overcome Inertia