1. Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick

2. Skeleton: Overview
The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments that occur at the joints.
Bones: Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells
Ligaments: Strong, white bands of tissue that connect two bones together at a joint

3. Skeleton: Overview
Cartilage: Hard tissue that prevents bones from grinding against each other.
Joints: Location of where two or more bones meet.
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

4. 1. Functions of the Skeleton
The skeleton supports the body.
The skeleton protects soft body parts.
The skeleton produces blood cells.
The skeleton stores minerals and fats.
The skeleton (along with the muscles) permits flexible body movements.

5. 2. Classification of bones
Bones are classified according to their shape.
Long (Longer then they are wide)
Short (Cube shapes, about equal lengths and widths)
Flat (Platelike and have a broad suface)
Irregular (Varied shapes with many connections)
Round (Circular shape)

6. 2. Classification of bones
Long Bones- Longer then they are wide)
Longest bones providing support for the body giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to stand and move.

7. EX: Canon Bone, Pelvic, Ribs

8. Long bones can act as levers

9. 2. Classification of bones
Short Bones- (Cube shapted; lengths and widths are about equal.
Found in the joints and serve as hinges. They help cushion shock and protect long bones.

10. Example: Hoofs & Feet

11. 2. Classification of bones
Flat Bones (Platelike and have broad surfaces)
EX: Skull

12. 2. Classification of bones
Irregular Bones- (Varied shapes with many places for connections with other bones)

13. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

14. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

15. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Periosteum Outer layer
Cushions the hard portion of the bone
Repair of broken bones

16. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Compact Bone Beneath periosteum
Layer of hard mineral matter
Calcium
Gives bones strength

17. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Spongy Bone Inside hard outer layer
Fills ends of bones
Lines hollow portions

18. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Red marrow Inside cavities of spongy bone
Formation of red blood cells

19. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Yellow marrow Located inside hollow portion
Fat storage cells
Energy storage

20. 4. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

21. Important Terms Related to the Skeleton
Skeletons can be divided into two sections, which include
Axial Skeleton.
b. Appendicular skeleton

22. 4. Axial and Skeleton
The axial skeleton lies in the midline of the body and contains the bones of the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. (Colored Orange)

23. Vertebrae are divided into five regions

24. Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck from the skull to the first rib.

25. Thoracic-extends along the rib cage
Thoracic-extends along the rib cage. Each of these has a rib attached to each side.

26. Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis
Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the loin.

27. Sacral-Extends through the pelvic area.

28. Coccygeal- The vertebrae that continue from the pelvis to the end of the tail.

29. 4. Appendicular Skeleton
Contains the bones of the fore and rear limbs.

30. 5. Joints
Bones are joined together at joints. In most instances bones can articulate at the joints.
Classified by the way they move.

31. 5. Joints
Joints serve as hinges for the skeletal system.

32. 5. Joints There are 4 types of joints we will discuss: Hinge Knee
Ball and Socket
Hip
Gliding
Vertebrae
Fixed ( Cartliaginous)
Skull

33. 5. Joints - Hinge

34. 5. Joints - Ball & Socket

35. 5. Joints - Gliding

36. 5. Joints - Fixed

37. Formation of Bones Bone is comprised of:
26% minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)
50% is water
4% is fat
20% is protein
Bone requires adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals in the ration.

38. Choose a species

39. Horse Skeleton

41. Chicken Skeleton

42. Horse Skeleton

43. Unlabeled Horse Skeleton

44. The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

45. The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

48. Skeleton of a Cow

49. Skeleton of a Cow
1. Cannon 8. Shoulder joint 2. Knee joint 9. Shoulder blade 3. Radius 10. Eye socket 4. Sternum 11. Horn cones 5. Elbow joint 12. Cervical vertebrae 6. Ulna 13. Dorsal vertebrae 7. Humerus

50. Skeleton of a Cow
14. Lumber vertebrae 20. Knee joint 15. Sacrum 21. Tibia 16. Hip Bone 22. Hock joint 17. Caudal vertebrae 23. Ribs 18. Hip Joint 24. Pasterns 19. Femur 25. Coronary

51. Skeleton of a Horse

52. Skeleton of a Horse
1. Thoracic vertebrae 9. Tibia 2. Lumbar vertebrae 10. Fibula 3. Sacrum 11. Tarsus 4. Shaft of Ilium 12. Metatarsus 5. Coccygeal vertebrae 13. Stifle 6. Hip joint 14. Pubis 7. Femur 15. False ribs 8. Patella 16. True ribs

53. Skeleton of a Horse 17. Proximal sesamoid bones 25. Elbow joint
18. Ulna Sternum
19. Coffin joint Humerus
20. Pastern joint Shoulder joint
21. Fetlock joint Scapula
22. Metacarpus Mandible
23. Carpus Facial bones
24. Radius Cranial bones
33. Cervical vertebrae

54. Skeleton of a Fowl

55. Skeleton of a Fowl
1. Incisive 7. Scapula 2. Nasal 8. Fused Ribs 3. Occipital 9. Ilium 4. Ulula 10. Pygostyle 5. Ulna 11. Ischium 6. Radius 12. Pubis

56. Skeleton of a Fowl
13. Femur 19. Coracoid 14. Fibula 20. Clavicle 15. Tibia 21. Cervical vertebrae 16. Metatarsus 22. Mandible 17. Sternum 23. Humerus 18. Patella

60. Horse Skeleton

62. Chicken Skeleton