1. DIARTHROTIC ARTICULATIONS Synovial Joints

2. What are synovial joints? Freely movable joints Contain a cavity filled with thick, slippery fluid (Synovial fluid) Found mostly in articulations of the appendicular skeleton

3. Articular Cartilage Covers the ends of bones Made of hyaline cartilage Reduces friction between bones Cartilage wearing away causes pain and restricted motion

4. Types of synovial joints: Gliding (plane) Pivot Hinge Ball and socket Elipsoid (Condyloid) Saddle

5. Gliding or Plane joints: Formed between 2 opposing flat surfaces Bones slide over each other

6. Pivot Joints: Rotation around an axis

7. Hinge Joints: Part of one bone fits into a convex cavity in another bone. Motion is in one plane, back and forth

8. Ball-and-Socket Joint A round projection on one bone (head) fits into a depression (socket) on another bone. Allows a wide range of motion Easy to dislocate

9. Ellipsoid (Condyloid) Joints: Modified ball and socket joints in which the head of a bone is similar in shape to a football Moves in two axes, but restricts rotational motion

10. Saddle Joints Made by 2 saddle-shaped surfaces at right angles to each other

11. THE ARTICULATION OF 3 BONES The Knee Joint

12. Bursa/e – Sacs filled with synovial fluid for cushioning ACL and PCL – Ligaments that connects the tibia to the femur Meniscus – crescent- shaped fibrocartilage pads that help cushion joints

13. The Knee A modified hinge joint Allows flexion, extension, and limited rotation

16. Knee dislocation – owww!

18. EXAMINATION OF THE KNEE JOINT Chicken Leg Dissection