1. Closing the Recycling Loop in University Halls of Residence
Victoria Hands
Environmental & Sustainability Coordinator,
London School of Economics
London’s University Halls of Residence Recycling Project Founder

2. Outline Background Why halls of residence Reuse - end of term schemes
Recycling – win win win scenarios
Purchasing
Reuse to reduce purchasing
Buy recycled to close the loop

3. Benefits for Halls of Residence
Potential waste management cost savings
Response to increased student demand for recycling facilities
Empowering residents to be aware
Reducing end of term waste peak
Providing low or no cost items

4. Benefits for Universities
Competitive advantage for attracting students and staff
Contributing to high environmental standards
Demonstrating social responsibility
Backing up academic expertise with everyday practice

5. Benefits for Local Authorities
Meeting government recycling targets
Extending recycling provision
Creating a healthier environment

6. Why Halls of Residence? High density Waste audit - 50-70% recyclable
Life change
Contractual obligations
Established communications
Backing up teaching
Habitual behaviour
Vocal active students
Role out across campus!!

7. The Waste Hierarchy REDUCE
Halls can reuse & buy recycled content REUSE
Halls save on waste disposal & purchasing and extend service provision
RECYCLE
Halls can access free or low cost recycling
LAST OPTION LANDFILL

8. A Practical Approach Identification of stakeholders
Background research
Initial contact
Interviews / questionnaires / reports
Partnership building & dialogue
Contact sheet & monitoring

9. Key Stakeholders Local Authorities (recycling officers)
Waste management division
Universities (environmental manager)
Academic
Operational
Students union
Halls of Residence (management)
Cleaners
Students

10. Project Origins Experiences from: Students
Cleaning staff (including contractors)
Hall management
Universities
Local Authorities
Reuse charities

11. The Waste Paper, issue 68 October 2000

12. Reuse Schemes Reuse Implementation Plan Notices Collection points
(RIP Waste)
Notices
Collection points
Sorting and volunteers
Types of donations
Liaison with charities
Hostels, reuse, London Remade
Cleaning up

14. Reuse Donations 1 box of cutlery, 1 box of utensils
3 boxes of plates, 4 boxes of pans
40 black bin bags of men’s clothing
10 toasters, 11 kettles
2 computers, 8 screens
30 drying racks, 40 dish drainers
8 computer chairs

16. Reuse Scheme 2005 10 halls of residence – 3,748 students
Estimated reuse participated rate: 10% students
6 tonnes diverted from landfill – 20 kg per student (textiles, IT equipment, furniture)

17. Estimated 65 participants
Textiles 2005:
650kgs from
650 students
Estimated 65 participants =
10 kg of textiles per student

18. Recycling Waste audit 20% paper/card 18% compostable 14% glass
13% plastic
4% cans
Start of term most effective

20. Design Challenges Micro kitchens and source separation
Same as other urban MODs
Small on floorspace
Could look good/trendy/cool
Reuse is real use!!
Standard source separation does not respond to the reality of micro living

21. Design Challenges
Design of new halls of residence and greening the campus
Sustainable living
Energy, water, waste
Responsibility and empowerment
Refurbishment of older halls of residence
Often without lifts

22. Action Plan Recycle Facilities and collections (external & internal)
2. Reuse
End of term schemes and collaborations
3. Raise Awareness
Communication materials (kitchen posters, student tips leaflet)
Events with users (freshers fayres) and staff training
4. Reduce
Green procurement
Influence student purchasing power

23. Findings Issues Findings Responsibility
Responsibility to take out recycling materials given to students. Results in full learning experience and responsible actions. Cleaners and all hall staff have a new learning experience to take into their non-working lives.
Ease
Recycling is not difficult if good infrastructure and effective awareness raising is provided. In fact, waste is easier to manage. The benefits of segregated waste include reduced odour.
Costs
Low or no cost because of recycling targets set for local authorities by Europe
Kitchen space
Most kitchens do have space for recycling containers. There are many designs of bins. New builds must design in recycling provision.
External space
In many central London halls space is limited to the pavement (also used by public-difficult to assess). Wheelie bins may be an option here.
Champions
High rotation of students and local authority staff but continuity can be found through wardens, managers and local councillors.

25. Closing the Loop Reuse - end of term schemes
Recycling – win win win scenarios
Purchasing
Reuse to reduce purchasing
Buy recycled to close the loop
National support??

26. Victoria Hands v.e.hands@lse.ac.uk
London’s University Halls of Residence Recycling Project
Victoria Hands

27. Closing the loop by procuring higher recycled content in paper and construction
EAUC Annual Conference - 11 April 2006
Jim Wiltshire - Procurement Project Manager
Kara Jones – WRAP Paper Advocate

28. Outline About WRAP Materials resource efficiency - why recycled
Using procurement
The opportunities in paper
The opportunities in construction
WRAP assistance

29. WRAP exists to
Create stable and efficient markets for recycled materials and products, and
Remove barriers to waste minimisation re-use and recycling
WRAP (the Waste and Resources Action Programme) was set up in 2001 by Government to help deliver UK waste policy and meet targets set by the European Landfill Directive.
WRAP is a not-for-profit company limited by Government guarantee, and wholly funded by Defra and the devolved administrations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
WRAP's original remit was to create markets for the materials that can be recovered from the domestic, commercial, industrial and construction waste streams - around 200 million tonnes of waste per annum - which will help to make recycling more economic. WRAP is also tasked with removing information, financial and technical barriers to waste minimisation and recycling.
For example, WRAP works with the major retailers to reduce packaging waste; it supports local authorities in increasing kerbside collection and home composting; and it targets householders (e.g. through advertising campaigns) to increase awareness of recycling.
The construction sector is a major focus of our work, because of the sheer potential to divert tonnage from landfill and make more efficient use of materials.
The paper sector is also a key focus………………..?
So how does procurement link to sustainability? Quite simply, it is a powerful lever to get suppliers to offer and develop more sustainable solutions. And the public sector has the legal right to use its buying power - to ask suppliers to meet requirements that are in line with policy objectives for sustainability and recycling.
The UK Framework for Sustainable Development 2005 sets the goal for the UK to be a leader in sustainable procurement by To show leadership, we need to set quantitative requirements and measure performance.
The Government has set up a Task Force on Sustainable Procurement under Sir Neville Simms, the former chairman of Carillion. At Carillion, he had a reputation for saying: “If you don’t measure it, it doesn’t happen”.
Same principle applies to local authorities seeking to demonstrate leadership in their community. So the focus for today is: what should local authorities be specifying and we will focus particularly on the opportunities in construction and paper.

30. Closing the loop – why specifying recycled is so important
Business investment and development
Specifying recycled in procurement of goods, works and services
Product development
Waste segregation,
home composting etc.
Reducing waste and diverting materials from landfill requires a sequence of steps (waste awareness…..).
Specifying recycled in procurement creates economic value for the recovered materials, and therefore reduces the cost of waste management.
CREATING ECONOMIC VALUE FOR RECOVERED MATERIALS
Waste awareness and minimisation

31. Materials resource efficiency
The latest measure have been included in the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act. The Act includes measures to tackle a whole range of local environmental quality issues, and there is a large section on waste and fly tipping.
The aim of the measures we included was to [read slide]

32. Materials resource efficiency cycle
Materials efficiency
Reduce raw material use
Reduce waste
Materials with recycled content
Reduce
landfill
Save
resources
This diagram depicts the 2 main aspects of materials efficiency:
- reducing the use of finite natural resources
- reducing the amount of waste
Recycling both reduces waste volumes going to landfill and, provided the sector uses products/ materials with recycled content, substitutes for virgin materials.
According to WWF, we need a two-thirds’ reduction in consumption of fossil fuels and virgin materials to achieve a sustainable and globally equitable level of resource use – termed One Planet Living.
Recycling
A two thirds reduction in consumption of fossil fuels and virgin materials is needed to achieve a sustainable and globally equitable level
WWF – “One planet living study”

33. What are we talking about?
Reclaimed
materials
Waste
minimisation,
segregation
& recycling
Recycled
Content
Materials
Resource
Efficiency
Renewables

34. Procurement policy drivers
Scottish Executive
Policy Commitment
2003
2004
2005
2006
OGC-AE11
SBTG
Govt. Sustainable
Procurement Group
ODPM-PPS1
Code for
Sustainable
Homes
Landfill Tax
(1996)
Increasing thrust of sustainability policy
Policy Proposal
Buying into Sustainable
Procurement (WPI)
SO WHAT DRIVERS ARE THERE SPECIFIC TO THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN WALES?
Buying into Sustainable Development
Launched Dec 2004
Now Value Wales (Procurement)
Support to all public sector bodies in Wales
Wise about Waste – National waste strategy for Wales (2002)

35. Where do we start ? - major applications to consider
Construction
Estates management
Printed matter
Tissue – catering and hygiene
SO, WE HAVE ESTABLISHED THAT THERE IS A CLEAR DRIVE FOR SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT AND SET OUT THE CASE THAT SPECIFYING RECYCLED IS TANGIBLE AND MEASURABLE
Where do you start – here are 4 focus areas

36. Key point of intervention
Using procurement
Identifying need
Requirement specification
Supplier selection
Tender evaluation
Contract management
Key point of intervention
European Commission handbook on environmental public procurement:
“As a contracting authority, you have the right…to demand a minimum percentage of recycled and reused content where possible”.
Setting such requirements is practical.
Key point of intervention is the design brief or tender specification. This is emphasised in guidance issued by Defra/OGC and the Scottish Procurement Directorate on the public procurement rules.
For further confirmation, the EC handbook…..
The OGC Achieving Excellence in Construction Procurement Guide 11 on Sustainability (2005) states that: “The (project) brief should include an outcome-based requirement for overall materials efficiency, such as a minimum requirement for recycled content in the project”.
OGC AE11:
“The (project) brief should include an outcome-based requirement for overall materials efficiency, such as a minimum requirement for recycled content in the project .”

37. Kara.Jones@wrap.org.uk 11th Apr-06
Recycled content office & publication papers for your organisation Why?
Introduce self – XXX from WRAP
Time of presentation
Intro WRAP
Funding
When set up and why
Types of problem to be solved – green glass
Paper advocacy team & objectives
No commercial gain
Introduce self
Role – to encourage Businesses, Local Authorities and Central Government to purchase recycled content paper
Own experience / background

38. To cover: Paper waste context Why?......... environmental
Why? CSR / marketing
Why? quality and cost
Product range
How the Advocate Team can help

39. Paper waste in context
UK > 100,000,000T commercial, industrial & municipal waste per year.
UK consumes approx 12,800,000T paper & board
We recycle approx 7,000,000Tpa of paper & board
But…….. More than 5,000,000Tpa still goes into landfill
Landfill over 1,500,000T of paper from offices per year
Less than 4% of office / marketing / business papers have any recycled content
Albert Hall & Windermere example

40. Landfill / incinerate or recycle ?
Landfill sites are filling up
Landfilled paper produces methane and leakage contributes to global warming
Waste incineration not optimum and a long planning cycle
Landfill or incineration is a waste of a valuable resource
Most LCA’s show recycling is best
We can recycle - economically
Now a legal requirement to reduce landfill
Low in EU for recycling BUT fastest growing!
National Audit Office Wales report findings
“On current trends and assuming a best case scenario, existing landfill capacity will be exhausted before The problem is critical in South West Wales where there is only 5.3 million cubic metres of space left in current facilities”
Anaerobic degradation (absence of oxygen)
Check audience for agreement. Ask for questions??
= Recycle

41. Your customers are aware..
National and EU push to increased recycling
Increased recycling and promotion:
Rolling out more kerbside collection
National advertising
Local advertising
Government announcements on environmental issues and sustainability
Increasing central and local government sustainable procurement
Constant press coverage on all things environmental

42. In the media… A few examples of the stream of messages.
Between Sept 04 to March 05 a NOP tracking study has shown those describing themselves as “committed recyclers” has increased from 45% to 50% (WRAP target in Mar 06 is 55%)
£10M spend per year

43. In the media…
Eddy Izard voiceover on prime time TV adverts and Local radio
Message focus on what recycled materials become – plane, train, car, fridge or another can

44. In the media…
Promoting magazine recycling

45. Why buy recycled content paper?.........
Recycling = “collection” +
“buy-recycled”
Your impact
Your impact is vital
Approx 1,000Tpa of purchase = approx 1Km of articulated lorries of waste paper. You directly or influence whether this material goes to landfill or is recycled. You can make a big impact!
Economics of recycling

46. The prime “buy-recycled” argument is not about….
saving trees
Cereals analogy if appropriate
Sustainable virgin pulp sourcing and its place
…is about avoiding….
landfill

47. Why?......... Environmental Landfill, methane production… also:
Recycled paper also typically:
uses less energy in production
creates less VOC’s,
uses less transport miles
has a significantly smaller “environmental footprint”
reduces pressure on forest resources
Additional environmental benefits.

48. Why?.... CSR / marketing Your customers:
Your “customers” are increasingly being asked to recycle
50% of the population describe themselves as “committed recyclers” (source NOP tracking survey Mar 2005)
Recycled / recycling is seen as “good”. Opportunity to be associated with a positive feelings such as:
caring
future looking
ethical
doing your bit…
Universities, and other higher education authorities, are seen as exemplars, providing education, values and the future for the next generation

49. Why?.... CSR / marketing Stakeholders / Investors
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) a necessity for high profile organisations
Purchasing recycled materials is a positive action.
>50% of your staff are committed recyclers, positive reinforcement of your organisational values
Supporting government commitment to sustainable procurement
Recycled content paper is:
a “quick” win
A demonstration you are doing something

50. So what is available? Paper for printed publications Magazine papers
Envelopes
Copier / printer paper
Tissue papers
Boxes
………..

51. Why? quality and cost
You do not need to compromise “quality” by procuring recycled content papers
full colour publication papers
office papers
Technical developments have significantly improved the performance and cost of recycled papers
brands are readily available which match the performance of virgin papers.
need not pay more
You can have a “traditional recycled look” if you want
OGCbs Printed paper framework available for public sector

52. It doesn’t have to be 100% recycled
Suggested minimum specification
for recycled content.
Copier / Office paper 70%
Printing Papers 50% (for marketing and publications)
Tissue 100%
What is recycled content?
Post & pre-consumer waste.
Not mill broke
If you are currently using virgin paper a move to a 50% recycled content paper that works for you and your organisation is great! Don’t feel you have use the maximum possible recycled content – or nothing! Make the change and review is in a few years.
WRAP objective is to move recycled content paper into the mainstream. Move on from a few users at very high percentages and most at 0%.

53. How WRAP can help you Advocacy team one2one support
Advice on product availability
On effective specification and policy for recycled content
Technical advice
Facilitate trial material.
Free
Provided by a team experienced in paper and print
Procurement guides:
Recycled content Office and publication papers
Recycled content Tissue papers
Recycled content Business process papers
Case studies
Technical information sheets ……

54. Summary Recycling = “collection” + “buy-recycled” Recycled paper:
Same quality
Need not cost more
Reduces landfill
Supports your CSR and marketing

55. You could say….
…. using recycled paper is a no brainer!

56. The case for recycled
in construction

57. Materials efficiency in construction
M tonnes
Overall material consumption by construction industry (~420 Mt per year)
Quantity of construction and demolition waste generated (~90 Mt per year)
Waste construction materials that are recycled (~45 Mt per year)
As stated previously, construction is one of the biggest users of materials in the economy, consuming approximately 420 million tonnes of materials each year. It also generates some 90 million tonnes of construction, demolition and excavation waste each year, only half of which is currently recycled or reclaimed back into construction.
Use of construction products and materials that have above average levels of recycled content will help improve this situation.

58. Headline Construction Figures
One of the UK’s most productive sectors, contributing almost 9% to the GDP
50% UK energy consumption associated with buildings – construction & use
90% non-energy minerals extracted used in construction - <1% new buildings uses reclaimed materials
Biggest consumer of material resources: 420 million tonnes/year

59. KEY SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
Energy
Materials
Water
Material & Product selection
Material use & waste management
Specifying materials with low env impact
Use of renewable materials
Use products with high recycled content
Using locally sourced CDW
Efficient use of finite natural materials
Minimising environmental damage
Waste avoidance and minimisation
Collection segregation & recycling
Return packaging & reduce over-ordering
What is a client looking for in sustainable construction? The Sustainable Buildings Task Group identified three key areas where we need to increase efficiency – energy, water and the use of materials.
Have already explained why materials are an important issue and an area with significant potential for improvement.
Two aspects – The selection of materials and then the management of any waste that may arise in the construction process.
Materials selection
Specify materials with low environmental impact – this can also include assessing travel distances.
Maximise recycling opportunities by sourcing materials from local CD activities – particularly aggregate materials. Utilise the demo protocol to maximise the recovery of materials
Target the use of manufactured products with high recycled content, (this can include reclaimed products (especially used in self-build) e.g. purchased via Salvo.
Waste Management
Investigate waste avoidance through planning and design (for ability to be recycled) and the implementation of a SWMP The DTI SWMP guidance provides a framework for good practice
to minimise waste e.g. by reducing over-ordering and the returning of surplus materials,
Good site practice to segregate and recover the remaining waste, -

60. Mainstream, not green
Many mainstream products already include recycled content
A range of products offer above-average recycled content at no extra cost
The potential for diversion from landfill is substantial
Many construction products (bricks, blocks, boards, concrete products, etc.) already include recycled content.
But various mainstream products offer above-average recycled content, at no extra cost or risk – readily available, manufactured in accordance with quality standards, and sourced in the UK.
So the opportunities are mainstream, not green.
The potential to divert materials from landfill is substantial. For example, if schools achieved the viable cost-neutral increase, their use of recycled material would increase ten-fold – an extra 3,000 to 4,000 tonnes per secondary school.
Of course, as with every other requirement aimed at a specific aspect of sustainability (e.g. water or energy efficiency), you need to check that reducing impact in one area does not increase it in another. Life-cycle analysis of the construction specifications in BRE’s Green Guide has shown that, almost invariably, substituting products with higher recycled content retains (or, in some cases, gains) the top environmental rating.
Recycled content
Mainstream brands
Eco-brands 0%

61. Quick Wins Where will we find Quick Wins that are . . cost-effective
with comparable performance
and readily available?
Many examples in
Concrete blocks
Asphalt
Paving slabs
Bricks
Flooring
Various aggregate products
Ceiling tiles
Chipboard
Plasterboard
Insulation
Roof tiles
1.) What is a Quick Win (WRAP definition):
- options for using a higher level of recycled content that are
cost-effective (i.e. at least cost-neutral),
offer comparable performance and quality
are readily available in the marketplace.
They are easy ways to increase the value of the recycled materials you use in your construction projects, without expending additional effort in design or construction.
2.) This whole thing is quite easy – quick wins can be made either by:
- simply specifying higher recycled content as a project outcome or - by identifying products and seeking their use.
(We advise you as a construction client to set an outcome requirement – even if your architect then translates this into specifications to use particular products.)
3.) Case studies show that the top 5-10 product substitutions on a project gives you significant scope to increase the recycled content.

62. Examples of mainstream products available
Product type
Option with lower recycled content
Option with higher recycled content
Dense block 0%
Hanson Conbloc - Up to 70%
Wall insulation
Superglass Superwall Cavity Slab > 80%
Concrete roof tile
Lafarge – various, e.g. Grovebury - 17%
Ceiling tiles
>10%
Armstrong – various – 28 to 52%
Intermediate floors, e.g. timber
50-70%
Sonae – Sonaefloor – 90 to 95%
Floor coverings – safety
BSW Regupol Everroll rubber flooring - 80%
1) This is a product comparison where we show the scope to go for cost-competitive brands with higher recycled content:
Leading brands such as Hanson and Lafarge
Key product groups like blocks and insulation
Product information can be accessed from WRAP at the table above is taken from the WRAP publication ‘Choosing construction products: recycled content of mainstream products’
2) WRAP has previously commissioned work to demonstrate cost neutrality. The aim was to give Bristol City Council confidence that they could set a RC requirement in a major schools PFI project without risking the tender prices increasing. WRAP commissioned a senior QS, experienced in schools work in the Bristol area, to identify alternative brands and the best price available for that size of project. Prices were obtained principally from builders merchants – and Jewson in particular were helpful in ensuring that realistic prices were established. The results showed that across the range of product types where higher recycled content options are commonly found – representing over half the cost of materials on a typical schools project – there were product options with higher RC at no additional cost. This evidence satisfied Bristol, and they set a RC requirement in their PFI Invitation to Negotiate issued at end-January 2005.
Project specific example

63. Using your procurement strategy to drive resource efficiency
Sustainable Buildings Task Group:
Specify 10% or higher minimum requirement for recycled content as a proportion of the value of materials for the whole project
You can also encourage higher performance e.g. through tender evaluation criteria
So what requirements can you set and measure against? There are some standard benchmarks for construction and paper.
For construction - SBTG recommendation for Bldg Regulations and Code for Sustainable Buildings. Also adopted by Building Schools for the Future and the Scottish Executive.
Case studies show that this is a conservative baseline requirement. By setting a 10% level, you will NOT drive unbalanced decisions on product selection and design that could have adverse side-effects.
Some clients may want to set higher benchmarks, where they know from experience that this is commercially competitive in a particular type of building. Others will set a lower threshold, because they don’t want to constrain design choices. For example, Whipps Cross University Hospital said 10% minimum, but preferably at least 15%.
The bottom line is: you need to measure recycled content in order to gain recognition for good performance and to identify where you can improve.
For paper, there are some simple thresholds you can specify, while still maintaining a good choice of quality papers at competitive prices……

64. What is being achieved without asking for good practice?
Type of project
Baseline/
actual practice %
Cost neutral good practice %
Detached/terraced house
6 - 26
16-29
Commercial office
10* - 22
12*-30
School, hospital
12* - 20
15*-27
Road reconstruction
8 - 16
27-29
Bridge reconstruction
33-49
These results are taken from a range of case studies. They show recycled content actually used – in projects where no-one was measuring or trying to use HRC.
The case studies show that 10% is a conservative baseline requirement. By setting a 10% level, you will NOT drive unbalanced decisions on product selection and design that could have adverse side-effects.
The levels achievable at good practice, by substituting with Quick Win options, are higher.
Other organisations involved in conducting the research:
Davis Langdon
Faithful and Gould
Cyril Sweett
Arup
Scott Wilson
Faber Maunsell
BRE
* Excluding building services

65. Standard/actual practice
Housing example
Standard/actual practice
Good practice
(cost-neutral)
Timber-framed house, Hillcrest HA 7%
15%
Timber-framed house, Milnbank HA
12%
21%
Brick/block house, Taylor Woodrow
16%
20% – 28%
Here are the headline results for recycled content from three case studies of house-building.
The columns show (a) standard or actual practice, without trying to achieve recycled content above the baseline, and (b) good practice, by substituting cost-comparable alternatives for blocks, bricks and ten or so other key product types.
In the case of the Taylor Woodrow house, the 20% figure is achievable with a cost saving, and 28% at overall cost-neutrality.
The results illustrate three key points:
There is significant potential for improvement at no extra cost
The baseline of 10% recommended by the Sustainable Buildings Task Group is modest and achievable
The result at standard practice varies according to the building design.
Clearly, depending on your building design, you may already be well over 10%, and not yet getting credit for it.
The point about the 10% benchmark is firstly to get the low scorers up to a minimum threshold, but more importantly to get everyone to look at the top 5 or 10 changes they can make. This will get you much of the way towards good practice.
Some clients will want to set higher benchmarks, where they know from experience that this is commercially competitive in a particular type of building. Others will set a lower threshold, because they don’t want to constrain design choices. For example, Whipps Cross University Hospital said 10% minimum, but preferably at least 15%.
The bottom line is: you need to measure recycled content in order to gain recognition for good performance and to identify where you can improve.

66. Steel framed housing example
Standard practice
20 – 23%
As built
specification %
Good practice
26 – 29%
Best practice
30 – 31%
Product type
Base
case
Quick Win
Insulation – Roof 0%
80%
General fill %
Insulation wool –
external walls
50%
70%
facing Brick 5%
11 – 20%

67. Evidence base - DfES Exemplar designs for schools
Design S2 - Suburban edge of town setting
Design S5 - Inner city sites
City Academy, Brent – Recently completed
Design S2
Design S5
City Academy, Brent
Build cost of school £M
14.1
15.1
12.2
Approx value of materials £M
3.3
3.7
3.6
% recycled content – Standard practice
15.5%
17.3%
12.9%
% recycled content – Product substitution
18.1%
21.2%
15.6%
Tonnage avoiding landfill – Standard practice
400
490
830
Tonnage avoiding landfill – Product substitution
3100
4800
4300
In this study Davis Langdon analysed the DfES exemplar school designs to determine the feasibility of meeting minimum requirements of recycled content
Key figures to note are that 16-17% recycled content under standard practice which exceeds the 10% benchmark. Through product substitution, these figures rise to 18 and 21%. (These figures exclude M&E services, which would increase each figure by about 6% in absolute terms.)
Perhaps the most interesting outcome is demonstrated by the almost 10-fold increase in the amount of material that avoids landfill.

68. Case study – Glasgow school
Best opportunities to increase recycled content
General fixtures, furnishings and equipment, flooring (inside)
Plasterboard dry lining, partitions, ceiling (inside)
Where
Glasgow
When
2004
Building
Camstradden Primary School
Total construction works value
£3.4m
Total materials value
£2m
Asphalt
Describe the slide and areas to increase recycled content
Excavating and filling
Interlocking brick, block roads, paving
Mixing, casting, curing in-situ concrete
Drainage below
ground

69. Quick Wins Coated macadam/Asphalt roads/Pavings
Top Quick Wins
Coated macadam/Asphalt roads/Pavings
Rubber/Plastics/Lino/Carpet tiling
Actual (£)
Readily achievable (£)
Mixing/Casting/Curing in Situ concrete
Excavating and filling
Interlocking brick/Block roads/Pavings
Plasterboard dry lining/partitions/ceilings
There were actually 14 possible Quick Wins in this case study.
At a good level (cost comparable and readily available) the best performers are:
plasterboard
materials used in drainage belowground
interlocking bricks / block roads and paving
Note the presence of the floor finishes at the top of the graph. With plasterboard they constitute the biggest contributors in internal finishes.
Drainage belowground
10000
20000
30000
40000
Recycled Content Value £

70. Who is taking action? Adopted minimum 10% value requirement
Glasgow City Council
Aberdeen City Council
Dundee City Council
Newcastle City Council
Solihull MBC
Sheffield CC
Bristol City Council
Whipps Cross Hospital
Lancashire County Council
Building Schools for the Future (BSF)
Raploch URC
Here are a number of organisations that have adopted a 10% target for recycled content in tender specification in major PFI and other projects (that have not yet been built)

71. Who is taking action? Increasing the use of recycled content BAA
British Land
Ely Bridge
Worcestershire CC
Yorkshire Forward
Major supermarkets
Major housebuilders - Redrow
Glamorgan Gwent HA
Here are a number of organisations that have adopted a 10% target for recycled content in tender specification in major PFI and other projects (that have not yet been built)

72. How WRAP can help
The latest measure have been included in the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act. The Act includes measures to tackle a whole range of local environmental quality issues, and there is a large section on waste and fly tipping.
The aim of the measures we included was to [read slide]

73. WRAP assistance RC Toolkit Case studies Procurement advice
Site waste management
Demolition guidance
Web resources
AggRegain, tools, research reports
Trailblazer projects
Events

74. Toolkit – data requirements
We have developed a number of toolkits to help you assess the level of recycled content by value when responding to requirements that may be set by a client.
Our web-enabled New Build toolkit will be available in January next year and we will be providing in-house tutorials to a range of organisations to encourage quick uptake.
The tool enables assessment for a range of buildings such as schools, hospitals, commercial and retail etc and involves inputting some basic data covering the building fabric such as overall dimensions, no. of floors, type of construction (steel/conc frame) etc.
It then automatically populates fields relating to the various building elements by assigning them some default values of recycled content.
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75. Material Resource Efficiency in Construction

76. Publications & guidance
Quick Win & Procurement guidance documents
Housing Quick Wins
Preliminary works
General building
Office & commercial refurbishment
Highways maintenance
Councillor briefing documents
Plus new highways guidance
Plus product listing

77. Resources for procurement
Construction procurement template wording:
Design/project brief
Appointment of design team
Supplier pre-qualification and audit
Tender specification (D&B, traditional)
Contract clauses
Construction product listing
WRAP CAN PROVIDE MODEL WORDING FOR THE VARIOUS STAGES OF THE PROCUREMENT PROCESS, including
Project/design brief
Appointment of design team
Supplier pre-qualification and audit
Tender specification (traditional procurement and design & build)
Contract clauses
WRAP has also published information on available brands and their recycled content – see the guide “Choosing construction products: Recycled content in mainstream products” which provides comparisons across a portfolio of mainstream brands.

78. For further information
Thank you!