1. Reformation Ideas Spread
Mr. Divett

2. Martin Luther

3. Martin Luther Wrote the 95 Theses Condemned the selling of indulgences
Started an revolt against the Catholic church
Translated the Bible into German
Wanted all to have equal access to God and the Bible

4. John Calvin

5. John Calvin French born Published a book explaining his belief
The book also outlined how to start and run a Protestant church
Preached predestination
Calvin was asked to a religious community in Geneva
It was a theocracy, a government run by church leaders

6. Ulrich Zwingli

7. Ulrich Zwingli Stressed importance of the Bible
Rejected elaborate church rituals
From the Swiss city of Zurich

8. The Spread of Reformation
The Catholic church fought back against the Protestants
They wanted to keep the church unified
They wanted to stop the spread of Protestant ideas
The Protestant movement carried on

9. An Explosion of Protestant Sects
Hundred of Protestant sects started
A sect is a religious group
Most sects followed in the teachings of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli
Many sects adopted even more radical beliefs
Those who rejected infant baptism were known as Anabaptists

10. Anabaptists Some Anabaptist sects sought after social change
This included:
The abolishment of private property
Violence to speed up God’s day of judgment
Anabaptist once over took Munster, Germany (against the wishes of Luther)

11. Here is where the dead bodies of the Anabaptist leaders were displayed
Here is where the dead bodies of the Anabaptist leaders were displayed. The cages still hang from St. Lambert’s Church in Munster, Germany

12. Peaceful Anabaptists Not all Anabaptists were violent
These modern-day sects trace their religious ancestry to the Anabaptists:
Baptists
Mennonites
Amish

13. English Reformation
Henry VIII was a loyal Catholic and opposed the Protestant revolt
That was until he wanted an annulment and the pope said no

14. Henry VIII
Henry VIII had been married to Catharine of Aragon for 18 years
They only had a daughter together, Mary Tudor

15. Henry quit the Catholic church and started his own so he could get an annulment and marry Anne Boleyn
He hoped that she would have a son
Thomas Cranmer was appointed archbishop and annulled Henry VIII’s marriage
Henry and Anne have another daughter, Elizabeth

16. Catholics did not like this Those who stood up to it were executed
Act of Supremacy
Passed 1534 by Parliament
King was supreme head of the church
Catholics did not like this
Those who stood up to it were executed
Sir Thomas More used to work for Henry but resigned
He was later canonized, or made a saint

17. Anne then has three miscarriages
Henry has her tried for treason and beheaded
Henry then marries Jane Seymour
She finally has him a son, Edward VI
She dies two weeks later
Henry keeps marrying…

19. Growth of the Church of England
The church of England (now the Anglican church) practiced most of the same forms of worship as the Catholic church
Henry started shutting down Catholic churches and seizing their property

20. Edward VI Henry VIII died in 1547 Edward VI took the throne
He was nine
He was a devout Protestant
He died at age 15

21. Mary Tudor Half sister to Edward VI
She took over when he died (against Edwards wishes)
Wanted the country to return to Catholic faith

22. Elizabeth I Mary died in 1558 Elizabeth took over
Elizabeth made a compromise:
England would keep a lot of Catholic traditions
The Church of England hierarchy would remain
She would not be the divine ruler
England avoided religious war

24. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III wanted to reassert Catholic authority and power
1530s and 1540s
The pope called the Council of Trent:
Met off and on for 20 years starting in 1545
Reaffirmed Catholic doctrine
Provided harsh penalties for corruption in clergy

25. Inquisition Revisited
The pope strengthened the Inquisition:
It used torture to strengthen the church
It weeded out the heretics
It forbade books, including books by Luther and Calvin

26. Jesuits Established 1540 Strict Catholics Helped combat heresy
Left a legacy behind
The majority of Europe remained Catholic in 1600

27. Persecution Both Catholics and Protestants were intolerant
Witch hunts- tens of thousands died between 1450 and 1750 as victims of witch hunts
Jews were expelled to live in ghettos or separate parts of the city