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Published byJosue Woolfolk Modified over 9 years ago
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CELL COMMUNICATION
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YOU MUST KNOW… THE 3 STAGES OF CELL COMMUNICATION: RECEPTION, TRANSDUCTION, AND RESPONSE HOW G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS RECEIVE CELL SIGNALS AND START TRANSDUCTION HOW RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE RECEIVE CELL SIGNALS AND START TRANSDUCTION
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YOU MUST KNOW… HOW A PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE AMPLIFIES A CELL SIGNAL DURING TRANSDUCTION HOW A CELL RESPONSE IN THE NUCLEUS TURNS ON GENES WHILE IN THE CYTOPLASM IT ACTIVATES ENZYMES WHAT APOPTOSIS MEANS AND WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
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CONCEPT 11.1 EXTERNAL SIGNALS ARE CONVERTED INTO RESPONSES WITHIN THE CELL
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3 STAGES FOR CELL SIGNALING RECEPTION – THE TARGET CELL’S DETECTION OF A SIGNAL MOLECULE COMING FROM OUTSIDE THE CELL TRANSDUCTION – THE CONVERSION OF THE SIGNAL TO A FORM THAT CAN BRING ABOUT A SPECIFIC CELLULAR RESPONSE RESPONSE – THE SPECIFIC CELLULAR RESPONSE TO THE SIGNAL MOLECULE
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CONCEPT 11.2 RECEPTION: A SIGNAL MOLECULE BINDS TO A RECEPTOR PROTEIN, CAUSING IT TO CHANGE SHAPE
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THE BINDING BETWEEN A SIGNAL MOLECULE (LIGAND) AND A RECEPTOR IS HIGHLY SPECIFIC RECEPTORS ARE FOUND IN 2 PLACES INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS – INSIDE PLASMA MEMBRANE IN THE CYTOPLASM OR NUCLEUS. THE SIGNAL MOLECULE IS HYDROPHOBIC SO IT CAN CROSS THE MEMBRANE PLASMA MEMBRANE RECEPTORS – BIND TO WATER-SOLUBLE LIGANDS
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G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR MEMBRANE RECEPTOR THAT WORKS WITH THE HELP OF A G-PROTEIN G-PROTEIN BINDS TO SIGNALING MOLECULE AND CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE RECEPTOR CAUSING THE INACTIVE G-PROTEIN TO BECOME ACTIVE G-PROTEIN ACTIVATES THE ENZYME MOLECULAR SHAPE CHANGES ARE TEMPORARY
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RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE SIGNAL MOLECULES BIND TO THE RECEPTORS THAT FORMS A DIMER DIMER ADDS A PHOSPHATE FROM AN ATP MOLECULE THE ACTIVATED RECEPTOR PROTEIN INITIATES MULTIPLE CELLULAR RESPONSES FOR EACH PHOSPHORYLATED TYROSINE
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LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNELS SPECIFIC SIGNAL MOLECULES CAUSE THE CHANNELS IN A MEMBRANE TO OPEN OR CLOSE, REGULATING THE FLOW OF SPECIFIC IONS
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CONCEPT 11.3 TRANSDUCTION: CASCADES OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS RELAY SIGNALS FROM RECEPTORS TO TARGET MOLECULES IN THE CELL
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PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE A MULTISTEP PATHWAY THAT GREATLY AMPLIFIES THE SIGNAL ENZYMES CALLED PROTEIN KINASES PHOSHORYLATE AND ACTIVATE MANY PROTEIN AT THE NEXT LEVEL ALLOWS FOR A LARGE CELLULAR RESPONSE
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SECOND MESSENGERS SMALL, NONPROTEIN WATER- SOLUBLE MOLECULES OR IONS ONCE ACTIVATED, THEY CAN INITIATE A PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE RESULTING IN A CELLULAR RESPONSE EX. CALCIUM ION AND CYCLIC AMP
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CONCEPT 11.4 RESPONSE: CELL SIGNALING LEADS TO REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION OR CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVITIES
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PURPOSE OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, USUALLY BY TURNING SPECIFIC GENES ON OR OFF IN THE NUCLEUS OFTEN ACTS AS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
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CONCEPT 11.5 APOPTOSIS INTEGRATES MULTIPLE CELL SIGNALING PATHWAYS
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APOPTOSIS PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH CELL IS SYSTEMICALLY DISMANTLED AND DIGESTED TRIGGERED BY SIGNALS THAT ACTIVATE A CASCADE OF “SUICIDE” PROTEINS IN THE CELLS
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