1. Guided Reading Answers
Ch. 9
Guided Reading Answers

2. Progressive Reforms Creating Economic Promoting Moral Improvement
Ida Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
muckrakers
WCTU
Prohibition
Eugene V. Debs
Socialist Party of America
Carrie Nation
Creating Economic
Reform
Promoting Moral Improvement
Scientific management
Progressive Reforms
Frederick W. Taylor
Promoting
Social Welfare
Creating Political
Reform
Illinois Factory Act 1893
Reformers
Florence Kelley
Mayors
Hazen Pingree-Detroit
Tom Johnson - Cleveland
Governors
Robert M. LaFollette - Wisconsin
Hiram Johnson – California
James Hogg- Texas

3. Williams S. U’Ren Robert M La Follette, Charles B. Aycock, James Hogg
YMCA, Salvation Army, settlement houses, Florence Kelley.
It established a variety of public institutions such as parks, settlement house, passage of the Illinois Factory Act.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Frances Willard, and the Anti-Saloon League.
involved the adoption of prohibition by many towns and state governments.
Eugene V. Debs, the American Socialist Movement and muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair.
public exposure of corruption.
Frederick W. Taylor, Henry Ford, and Ford Motor.
: wide spread adoption of the theory of scientific management, the Ford assembly line, and the “Five Dollar Day”.
National Child Labor Committee; Louis Brandies; Florence Kelley; Josephine Goldman
Keating-Owen Act; state child labor laws; Muller v. Oregon; Bunting v. Oregon; workers compensation law
Mayors Hazen Pingree, Tom Johnson
Adoption of the commission system and city-manager forms of government and property tax reforms.
Robert M La Follette, Charles B. Aycock, James Hogg
Wisconsin laws that managed to regulate the railroads
Williams S. U’Ren
Widespread adoption of the secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall, and direct primary and passage of the 17th Amendment.

4. Agricultural; domestic; manufacturing
Agricultural; domestic; piecework; taking in boarders; manufacturing
White collar jobs
New women’s college’s established
Marriage was no longer a woman’s only alternative; offered opportunities to pursue a profession; offered opportunities to devote oneself to volunteer work and reform movement
Tried to convince state
Legislatures to grant women
The right to vote
Pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment
Campaigned for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote
Wyoming, Utah, Colorado,
and Idaho granted women the right to vote; efforts failed in other states failed
The Supreme Court ruled that women were citizens, but that citizenship did not automatically confer the right to vote

5. PROBLEM What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
Roosevelt : Called both sides to the White House to negotiate; threatened to take over the mines
None.
Roosevelt: Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act against many trusts.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Roosevelt: Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act; fought for passage of the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
Interstate Commerce Act , Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
Roosevelt: Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry; pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
Meat Inspection Act; Pure Food and Drug Act
Legislation: National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)
Roosevelt: Promoted conservation of natural resources; set aside thousand of acres of forest reserves, water-power sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks. Named a conservative to the head of the U.S. Forest Service
Legislation: None
Roosevelt: None or appointed an African American as head of Charleston, South Carolina customhouse; refused to dismiss an African American postmistress in Mississippi; invited Booker T. Washington to dinner

6. Progressives Conservatives
Progressives: Opposed Taft because he had signed and defended the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, seemed to oppose conservation, and supported conservative boss Joseph Cannon
Conservatives: Supported Taft because they opposed progressivism, Roosevelt, and low tariffs and because they favored big business.
Progressives: Progressive or Bull Moose Party
Conservatives: Republican Party
Progressive Party
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Socialist Party
Theodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Eugene V. Debs
Supported government action to supervise big business, but did not oppose all big business monopolies.
Favored big business, but worked to break up monopolies
Supported small business and free market competition
Felt that big business was evil and that the solution involved doing away with capitalism and distributing wealth.

7. What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment?
Set up the Federal Trade Commission with the power to investigate corporations and unfair business practices.
Strengthened the Sherman Anti Trust Act: Freed labor unions and farm organizations from antitrust laws; prohibited most injunctions against strikers
Substantially reduced tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War
Legalized a federal income tax
Established the Federal Reserve System, a decentralized private banking system under federal control
Increased activism of local and grass roots groups; the use of new strategies to build enthusiasm; regeneration of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt
19th Amendment
Opposed federal anti lynching legislation; appointed segregationists to his cabinet; failed to oppose the resegregation of federal offices.