1. Ms. Mallard
7th Grade

2. Causes for the Russian Revolution
Russia is not industrialized
World War I Losses and Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese war leads to unrest
Fuel shortages, poor working conditions
Factory workers: overworked, almost homeless
The elected assembly (Duma) were blocked by tsar (king) and leads to widespread suffering
Absolute ruler Tsar Nicholas II displays weak leadership

3. What is the February Revolution? Also called the March Revolution
Huge protest on National Women’s day
“Bread, Bread!”
Petrograd (St. Petersburg) is paralyzed
Tsar Nicholas II abdicates (leaves the throne)

4. Results? Duma sets up a temporary government
They prepare a constitution
Soviets (councils) of workers worked with provisional government
The Bolshevikstook control of soviets
Bolshevik leader Vladimir Llyich Ulyanov (Lenin)

5. The Lithuanian Castle

6. What’s a Bolshevik? The term means “majority” in Russian
An elite group would lead the revolution and set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat” (lower classes)
This elite revolutionary party represented only a small percentage of the population
Menshevik means “minority”

7. Lenin Lenin was a Marxist and believed in communism.
He was exiled to Siberia and later went to Switzerland.
Germany helped Lenin return to Russia.
Lenin promised “Peace, Land and Bread.”

8. October Revolution (1917) AKA November Revolution
The provisional government did not make adequate reforms.
Red guards (factory workers and sailors) attacked the provisional government in St. Petersburg and overtook it.
Moscow became the Bolshevik headquarters/capital.
Changes: Ended private ownership.
Entwined hammer and sickle symbolize union between workers and peasants.

9. World War I Ends Only for Russia
Bolsheviks believe it is a capitalist war.
Russia negotiates an independent peace treaty with Germany
Leon Trotsky negotiated treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 1918
Russia gave up a huge western portion of its population

10. Russian Civil War Reds: Communists
Whites: Counterrevolutionaries. Tsarist imperial officers, Mensheviks, Democrats, and others who wanted to defeat the Bolsheviks. Also Britain, France and the United States
Brutal war. Communists killed former tsar and tsarina and their five children in July 1918
Rumors that Anastasia survived
Trotsky created a disciplined army
Reds won in 1921

11. What did this new state look like?
1922 Lenin’s Communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union
The communists produced a constitution that was democratic and socialist
an elected legislature and universal suffrage
They did not believe in private property (tetris example)
Used the army and secret police

12. Lenin’s New Economic Policy (1921)
“War communism” over. Party had controlled everything and output down
In NEP, Capitalist ventures were allowed for small business
The state controls banks, foreign trade, and large industries
Peasants were allowed to freely sell their surplus crops
1928, food and industrial production climbed to prewar levels and standard of living rose

13. Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes Tsarist rule (monarchy) ended in Russia.
Lenin died in 1924 at 54 years of age. Trotsky and Stalin battled for power.
Trotsky: brilliant Marxist thinker, a skilled speaker, an architect of the Bolshevik Revolution
Stalin not a scholar or orator but a skilled organizer and political operator
Stalin stripped Trotsky of party membership and fled the country in 1929
In 1940, a Stalinist agent murdered Trotsky in Mexico.
Stalin became the new leader of the USSR

14. When did the Russian Revolution end?
Good question.