1. 1 4 th Rosenberg Biennial International Forum on Water Policy. Transboundary Water Cooperation The Nile Basin Case by Hon. Martha Karua Minister for Water Resources Management and Development,Kenya &Nile-COM Chair.

2.  Burundi  D.R. Congo  Egypt  Eritrea  Ethiopia  Kenya  Rwanda  Sudan  Tanzania  Uganda Challenges  History  Poverty  Demography (600m in 2025)  degradation  Climatic Vulnerability  Economics- nothing flows. 1.The Nile Basin

3. 3 Source: UN Human Development Report 2004 Country Land Area /1,000 Km 2 Population 2002/Million GNP/Cap. /US$ Access to Electricity/% Burundi286.61022 DR Congo2,35051.21111-6 Egypt1,00070.5135498 Ethiopia1,22269.09010 Kenya58331.53939 Rwanda268.32122 Sudan2,50632.941215 Tanzania94536.326710 Uganda24125.02365 Economies of Nile Countries

4. 4 Nile Basin Countries - Europe: Electricity/HP comparison Popul. Mill. GNP/cap $ HP pot. MW HP dev. MW Elec./cap kWh/yr CO2 em. ton/c/yr Ethiopia6110545,000700220.00 Kenya293611,6007001060.05 Rwanda824110027260.00 Tanzania332673,200557560.01 Uganda222982,800278380.00 Austria823,33318,30011,7006,4571.51 France5922,12826,00025,2006,5394.32 Germany8222,4308,0005,6005,9634.50 Italy5818,80822,80015,2674,7322.98 Norway536,88947,20027,87324,4223.23

5. 5 2. Nile Cooperation.  Nile holds significant opportunities for cooperative development  Growing awareness at political and technical levels  Riparian states recognise benefits to gain from cooperation  Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)), 9 countries and Eritrea (established in 1999)  Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) developed a shared vision  Multi track approach dealing with a strategic plan and developing cooperative legal and institutional framework acceptable to all  Transitional institutional arrangement

6. 6 The Shared Vision “To achieve sustainable socio-economic development through equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources.”

7. 7 NBI Structure Technical Advisory Committee - Nile-TAC Council of Ministers - Nile-COM NBI Secretariat - Nile-SEC

8. 8 3. Areas of cooperation Broad spectrum of areas of cooperation exist:  Strategic Action Program to realise the vision  Shared vision ( BASIN-WIDE)  Subsidiary Action Plan (SUB-BASIN)  Cooperation with International Community  International Consortium for Cooperation on the Nile (ICCON)  Development of legal and institutional framework acceptable to all

9. 9 4. Confidence Building and Stakeholder\ involvement  Strong political support from basin countries  Ministerial and parliamentarians  Journalists, civil society and others  Participation at heart of Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) process  Cross sectoral and participatory approach  Stakeholder participation focusing on :  Communication and Public information  Confidence building  Exchange of knowledge and information

10. 10 5. Benefits of Cooperation Four kinds:  Benefits to the river-Ecosystem….  Benefits from the river-use,power..  Benefits that arise from reduced transaction cost-cooperative dev,inf.  Benefits beyond the river-spinoffs, econ.integration,…

11. 11 6. Partnership and Financing  Countries finance core secretariat functions, support in form of partnerships  Financing mechanisms that involve soliciting funds through forum called ICCOM  First ICCON meeting held in Geneva in 2001  Nile Basin Trust Fund (preferred mechanism)  Funding Gaps for Shared Vision Program and partnership grants and soft loans needed for subsidiary investment projects

12. 12 8. Way Forward  Scaling – up of investment programs for tangible benefits to riparian states and communities,  Strengthening,sustaining and broadening the cooperation,  Successful implementation of initial portfolio of projects to demonstrate results and benefits

13. 13 Conclusion  Nile Basin Countries see cooperation and Co- operative action,where appropriate, as the best option aiming at Win-Win projects and benefits,  Cooperation is growing among countries with Nile waters as entry for broader and greater benefits including economic integration,  Donor support encouraging and more support needed-buying into the NBI Shared Vision,  Infrastructure investment funding challenging- Public financing most viable for the basin supported by partnership Grants/Trust Funds,and Soft/concessionary loans as private sector not attracted

14. 14 Thank you www.nilebasin.org