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Philippine Labor Migration Policy and Programs by Esteban B. Conejos Jr. Undersecretary for Migrant Workers’ Affairs Undersecretary for Migrant Workers’ Affairs Department of Foreign Affairs, Philippines 4 th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference Hague Conference on Private International Law Aspects of (Economic) Migration Manila, 27 October 2011
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Outline of Presentation Introduction Statistics Policy Programs Challenges The Bottom-Up Approach Conclusion
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Introduction Conceptual Framework: Possible use of certain techniques developed by the Hague Conference to certain aspects of international migration –“Hague” cooperation techniques: e.g. division of responsibilities between states, concept of shared responsibility, designation of central authority for implementation. –Cross border cooperation in temporary/circular migration, return and reintegration, regulation of recruitment agencies, remittances. Practical Application: PH Labor Migration
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Statistics 8 million overseas Filipinos in 190 countries OFW Remittances for 2010 is USD18.7billion, representing 10% of GDP PH ranks fourth after China, India, and Mexico.
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Policy “ The State does not promote overseas employment as a means to sustain economic growth and achieve national development. The existence of the overseas employment program rests solely on the assurance that the dignity and fundamental rights and freedoms of the Filipino citizen shall not, at any time, be compromised or violated.” (par. C, Sec. 2, RA 8042)
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Presidential Directive on OFWs “Our goal is to create jobs at home so that there will be no need to look for employment abroad. However, as we work towards that end, I am ordering the DFA, POEA, OWWA, and other relevant agencies to be even more responsive to the needs and welfare of our overseas Filipino Workers.” - H.E. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III, Inaugural Address, 30 June 2010
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Policy The Protective Mantle
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Programs General Operating Principles: 1. “Life Cycle Approach” to protection and support of migrants. 2. Protection begins at home. Frontloading of protective measures before worker leaves home. 3. International cooperation required to make migration work.
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Programs Stage 1: Pre-deployment Operating Principle: “Regulated participation in the overseas employment program at the level of the worker and the employer.” Operating Principle: “Regulated participation in the overseas employment program at the level of the worker and the employer.” 1. Information: a) Pre-employment orientation seminar a) Pre-employment orientation seminar b) Pre-departure orientation seminar b) Pre-departure orientation seminar 2. Training 2. Training 3. System of regulated recruitment 3. System of regulated recruitment a) Verification a) Verification b) Joint and several liability of recruiter b) Joint and several liability of recruiter and employer enforceable against bond and employer enforceable against bond c) Standard contract c) Standard contract
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Programs Stage 2: On-site Protection - Filipino Workers’ Resource Center (FWRC) (FWRC) - financial literacy program - skills upgrading - One-Country Team Approach - One-Country Team Approach - Voluntary Repatriation Program - Voluntary Repatriation Program - Legal Assistance - Emergency Response
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War, Labor Unrest, Civil Disorder, Natural Calamities Number of OFWs Repatriated Dili, Mar 2006-64 OFWs Lebanon, Jul 2006-6000 OFWs Kazakhstan, 2007-235 OFWs Georgia, 2008-64 OFWs Gaza, 2009-90 Filipinos Haiti, 2010-90 Filipinos Egypt, Feb 2011-93 OFWs Libya, Mar 2011 -9265 OFWs Yemen, Sept 2011-282 OFWs Syria, Oct 2011-194 OFWs
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Statistics on Hijacking in Somalia As of 03 October 2011 748 Filipino seamen had been hijacked on board 62vessels (29 March 2006 – 20 September 2011) 733 have been released on board 58 vessels 22 remain held by pirates on board 4 vessels
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Programs Stage 3: Return and Reintegration - The National Reintegration Center - Social Security Agreements - portability of benefits - totalization of contributions
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Challenges Stage 2: On-site Protection 1.The problem of run-aways in the informal labor sector informal labor sector 2.Quick-action response: 2.Quick-action response: a) immediate=emergency assistance a) immediate=emergency assistance b) post-emergency: b) post-emergency: - legal issue – “absconding” - legal issue – “absconding” - labor issue – conciliation - labor issue – conciliation or repatriation or repatriation
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Challenges Human Trafficking Illegal Recruitment
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The Bottom-Up Approach Bilateral - 70 Bilateral labor agreements Regional - ASEAN Declaration 2007 - Bali Process - Colombo Process Global - Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) - Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
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Conclusion “The very nature of trans-national migration demands international co- operation and shared responsibility” Quote cited in HCCH Preliminary Doc. No. 8, March 2006
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THANK YOU!!! THANK YOU!!!
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