1. Unit 2 Careers in Health Care pgs 19 - 49

2. 2:1 Introduction to Health Careers
Over 200 health care careers
Education
Requirements vary by program and state
High school (Secondary) preparation
Health Occupations Education (HOE)
Secondary vocational programs
Post-secondary education
Training at a Vo-Tech, community college or university
Types of degrees
Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate

3. Certification, Registration, and Licensure
Purpose
Certification Process and Examples
Registration Process and Examples
Licensure Process and Examples

4. Certification, Registration, and Licensure
Purpose
Ensure the skill & competency of health care personnel
Protect the consumer/patient
Need to graduate from an accredited program first
Certification
Person has fulfilled requirements of education
Meets standards established by prof. Agency
Examples: dental assistant, lab technician, medical assistant

5. Certification, Registration, and Licensure
Registration process
Required in some health occupations
Performed by association that administers exams and maintains a current list of qualified personnel
Examples: dietician, respiratory therapist, animal health technician
Licensure

6. Certification, Registration, and Licensure
Process where a gov’t agency authorizes individuals to work in a certain occupation
Differs from state to state
Usually have to complete a certain program, pass a state test, maintain standards
Examples: physician, dentist, physical therapist, registered nurse

7. Accrediting Agencies Purpose
Ensures that program of study meets quality competency standards
Preparation for employment
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)
Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES)

8. Continuing Education Units (CEUs)
Purpose
Required to renew license or maintain certification or registration
Ensures health care workers are informed on latest standards and technology
Requirements vary between careers & state

9. Training Levels Professional Technologist or Therapist Technician
4+ years of college, master’s or doctorate
Technologist or Therapist
3 – 4 years of college plus work experience, usually bachelor’s
Technician
2 year associate’s, 3 – 4 years on the job training
Assistant or aide
1+ years of training
Combines classroom & job training

10. Multicompetent or Multiskilled Workers
New trend in health occupations
Workers perform a variety of occupations
Eliminates need for employing specialist for every aspect of care
Examples: same technician for EKG and EEG
Education done on-the-job or through educational programs

11. Entrepreneur
Individual who organizes, manages and assumes the risk of a business
Work conditions
Independent business, but still work under direction of doctors
Examples: dental lab technician, PT, dentist, optometrist

12. National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS)
Purpose
Health Care Core Standards
Therapeutic/Diagnostic Core Standards
Therapeutic Cluster Standards
Diagnostic Cluster Standards
Information Services Cluster Standards
Environmental Services Cluster Standards

13. NHCSS Purpose Health Care Core Standards
Indicate the knowledge and skills expected of heath care workers at entry and technical levels
6 groups of standards
Examples of careers includes in the NHCSS clusters are shown on table 2-2 (pg 24)
Health Care Core Standards
Specify skills heath care workers should have
Discusses academic foundation, communication skills, employability, legal stuff, ethics, safety, knowledge about heath care systems

14. NHCSS Therapeutic/Diagnostic Core Standards
Specify skills required to focus on direct client care in BOTH therapeutic and diagnostic occupations
Therapeutic – treatment of disease
Diagnostic – identification of disease
Includes health maintenance, client interaction, monitoring client, client movement

15. NHCSS Therapeutic Cluster Standards Diagnostic Cluster Standards
Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved in changing the health status of a client
Includes data collection, treatment planning, client evaluation
Diagnostic Cluster Standards
Specify skills required in of workers in occupations involving identification of health status of client
Includes planning, prep, procedure, eval and reporting

16. NHCSS Information Services Cluster Standards
Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved with documentation of client care
Includes analysis, coding, info systems, documentation, info maintenance and retrieval
Environmental Services Cluster Standards
Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved with creating a therapeutic enviro
Includes enviro. operations, aseptic procedure, resource management, aesthetics

17. Summary
Different health occupations require different levels of education
Some careers require certification, registration, or licensure
Requirements vary from state to state
Student must obtain information pertinent to an individual state

18. 2:2 Dental Careers Basic job duties Places of employment
Health of teeth and soft tissues of mouth
Preventing dental disease
Repairing or replacing diseased or damaged teeth
Treating gingiva (gums) and other supporting structures of the teeth
Places of employment
Private dental office, lab, clinics, hospital, school, gov’t agency

19. Dental Careers (continued)
Specialty areas
Endontics, Orthodontics, Oral Surgery, Pedodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics
Dental Careers
Dentist (DMS, DDS), Dental hygienist, Dental laboratory technician, Dental assistant (DA)
Table 2-3, pg 25

20. 2:3 Diagnostic Services Basic job duties Places of employment
Perform tests or evaluations
Aid in detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, or other physical conditions
Places of employment
Lab, doctor’s office, clinic, pharmaceutical firm, research

21. Diagnostic Careers Some examples of possible careers: Table 2-4, pg 27
Electrocardiograph (ECG) technician, Electroencephalographic (EEG) technologist, Electroneurodiagnostic technologist, Cardiocascular technologist, Medical (clinical) laboratory technologist, Phlembotomist, Biomedical equipment technician
Table 2-4, pg 27

22. 2:4 Emergency Medical Services
Basic job duties
Provide emergency prehospital care
Provide care to victims of accidents, injuries, and sudden illness
Places of employment
Fire, police departments, rescue squad, ambulance service, hospital, urgent care, military, emergency helicopter services

23. Emergency Services Careers
Examples of possible EMS careers
Emergency medical technician basic (EMT-B)
Emergency medical technician intermediate (EMT-I)
Emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT–P)
Table 2-5, pg 30

24. 2:5 Health Information and Communication Services
Job duties
Maintain complete, accurate patient records
Medical illustrators, photographer, writer, librarian
Distribute health information
Research and maintain information
Use computers
Places of employment
Hospital, clinic, research center, long-term care, colleges, law firm, insurance company

25. Health Information and Communication Careers
Some possible careers
Medical records administrator (RA), Medical records technician (RT), Medical transcriptionist, Unit secretary/ward clerk/unit coordinator, Medical illustrator, Medical/health sciences librarian
Table 2-6, pg 31

26. 2:6 Hospital/Health Care Facility Services
Basic description
Operate support departments
Includes administration, business office, admitting office, central/sterile supply, and housekeeping
Each department has workers at all levels with varying amounts of education
Places of employment
Hospital, clinic, long-term care, HMO, public health, gov’t agency

27. Hospital/Health Care Facility Careers
Some possible careers
Health care administrator, Admitting officer/clerk, Central/sterile supply worker, Housekeeping worker/sanitary manager/environmental service worker
Table 2-7, pg 33

28. 2:7 Medical Careers Basic description Places of employment
Includes physicians and those who work under their supervision
Involved with diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases and disorders of the human body
Places of employment
Private practice, clinic, hospital, research, HMO, gov’t agency, colleges

29. Medical Careers (continued)
Some examples of possible careers
Physician (doctor), Physician assistant, Medical assistant
Physicians can be specialized in a wide variety of fields
Table 2-8, pg 35; table 2-9, pg 35

30. 2:8 Mental and Social Services
Basic job duties
Mental or emotional disorders or mental retardation
Social workers assist others to deal with illness, employment, or community problems
Focus: help individuals function to their maximum capacity
Places of employment
Hospitals, home health care, counseling, colleges, rehabilitation, prison, long-term care, gov’t agency

31. Mental and Social Services Careers
Some examples of possible careers
Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Psychiatric/mental health technician, Social worker (sociologist, caseworker, counselor)
Table 2-10, pg 36

32. 2:9 Mortuary Careers Basic job duties Places of employment
Preparation of the body
Perform ceremony that honors the deceased and meets the spiritual needs of the living
Cremation or burial of the remains
Practices and rites vary due to cultural and religious preferences
Places of employment
Funeral home, mortuary, crematorium, cemetery association

33. Mortuary Careers (continued)
Some examples of possible careers
Funeral director, Embalmer, Mortuary assistant
Table 2-11, pg 38

34. 2:10 Nursing Careers Basic job duties Places of employment
Provide care under direction of a physician
Direct care given to meet mental, emotional, and physical needs of the patient
Places of employment
Hospitals, long-term care, rehabilitation, physician’s offices, clinics, home health care, HMO, schools, industry

35. Nursing Careers (continued)
Some examples of possible careers
Registered nurse (RN), Licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN), Nurse assistant, Patient Care technician (PCT), Surgical technician/technologist (CST)
Table 2-12, pg 39

36. 2:11 Nutrition and Dietary Services
Basic job duties
Recognize importance of good nutrition
Promote wellness & optimum health
Provide dietary guidelines to treat diseases
Teach proper nutrition
Prepare food for health care facilities
Places of employment
Hospital, long-term care, day care, wellness center, school, clinics

37. Nutrition and Dietary Careers
Some examples of possible careers
Dietitian (RD), Nutritionist, Dietetic technician, Dietetic assistant
Table 2-13, pg 41

38. 2:12 Therapeutic Services
Basic job description
Use variety of treatments to help patients who are injured, physically or mentally disabled, or emotionally disturbed
Direct treatment toward allowing the patient to function at maximum capacity
Places of employment
Rehabilitation, hospital, clinic, mental health, long-term care, home health care, school, gov’t agency

39. Therapeutic Careers Some examples of possible careers
Physical therapist assistant, Occupational therapist (OT), Pharmacist, Pharmacy technician, Athletic trainer, Audiologist, Art therapist, Dialysis technician, Perfusionists
Table 2-14, pgs 43 – 44

40. 2:13 Veterinary Careers Basic description Places of employment
Work with all types of animals
Range from house pets to livestock to wildlife
Places of employment
Animal hospital, lab, zoo, farms, drug or animal food companies, fish and wildlife services
Some examples of possible careers
Veterinarian (DVM or VMD), Animal Health technician, Veterinary assistant
Table 2-15, pg 47

41. 2:14 Vision Services Basic job duties Places of employment
Provide care to prevent vision disorders
Treat vision disorders
Places of employment
Hospital, offices, optical shop, department store, school, HMO, clinic, gov’t agency

42. Vision Careers Some examples of possible careers Table 2-16, pg 49
Ophthalmologist (MD), Optometrist (OD), Ophthalmic technician (OT), Ophthalmic assistant (OA), Optician, Ophthalmic laboratory technician
Table 2-16, pg 49