1. Test Inventory A “successful” test effort may include: –Finding “bugs” –Ensuring the bugs are removed –Show that the system or parts of the system works Goal of testing (Hutcheson’s): –Establish a responsive, dependable system which satisfies and delights the users. –Perform the above within the agreed upon constraint of budget, schedule, and other resources satisfies and delights def/metrics?

2. How do we achieve that goal? – use a process Plan Test Establish Test Cases Organize Resource Execute Test Cases Bug? Record success no yes Record failure Report Problem to developers Receive Response from dev. Bug Fix? no yes Retest. Bug Fixed? no yes Integrate fix and prepare for rebuild Record No-fix reason Record Problem fixed Record data and produce Reports “wait” -by test coverage -by test results -by fix results -etc.

3. Planning Test Test Planning Coverage = # of test cases designed / # of scenarios - planning mostly based on requirements doc. - test cases designed with requirements and design docs. Test Execution Coverage = # of test cases ran / # of designed test cases - how do we decide how much to run? - why wouldn’t we run all the designed test cases?

4. A Real Problem is Getting Bugs All Fixed In large complex systems that requires several steps before one reaches the actual test case, a failure may not always be reproducible! –Makes debugging difficult when the developer runs and it executes! (consider an internal queue size problem --- when queue is full some external inputs get dropped. ---- you may not be able to get to full queue very quickly.) Under the gun of schedule, not all problems can get fixed in time for rebuild and retest. (low priority ones get delayed and eventually forgotten!) Products get released with both “known” bugs and some “unknown” bugs!

5. Successful Testing Needs Good test plan Good test execution Good bug fixing Good fix integration Good “accounting” of problems found, fixed, integrated, and released.

6. Keeping a “List” or Table of Test Cases We must quantitatively keep a list of test cases so we can ask: –How many items are on the list –How long does it take to execute the complete list –Where are we in terms of the list (test status) –Can we prioritize the list –Arrange the list to show coverage in a tabular form Test Case # 1 # 2 Funct. 1Funct. 2Funct. 3....... X X X X

7. How do We Measure Test ? Much like how we measure code ---- loc? –Number of lines of test script written in some language? A test case may be measured by the number of steps involved in executing the test; e.g. –Step1 input field x –Step2 press submit –Step3 choose from displayed options –Step 4 press submit –(note that not all 4 steps test cases are the same --- much like not all 4 loc are the same.) A test case is a comparison of actual versus expected result - - - no matter how many steps are needed to get the result. –This may be vastly different in the test time required. Every keystroke and every mouse movement should be counted! Your thoughts -----?

8. Some Typical Types of Test Unit Test – testing at “chunks of code” level; done by module author –Small number of keystrokes and mouse movements Functional Test – testing a particular application function that is usually a requirement statement. –Often tested as a “black box” test “System” Test – testing the system internals and internal structures. (Not to be confused with total applications system test) –Often tested as a “white box’ test

9. An interesting comparison of 2 tests item Prod. 1Prod. 1.1 # of test scripts (actual)1,000132 # user functions (actual)236 # of verifications / test script 1 50 Total # of verifications performed 1,000 6,600 Average # of times a test is executed 1.15 5 Total # of tests attempted - computed 1150 33,000 Average duration of test (known #) 20 min. 4 min Total time running the test (from log) 383 hrs 100hrs. # verifications/ hr of testing 2.6 66

10. Some more interesting numbers Efficiency = work done/expended effort = verifications/ hr of testing –For prod1: efficiency was 2.6. and prod2: it was 66 Cost is the inverse of efficiency: exp. effort/ work done –For prod1 : 383 p-hrs/1000 verifications =.383 p-hrs/verification –For prod1; 383 p-hrs/ 236 functions = 1.6 p-hrs/function verified How big is the test? --- number of test scripts identified Size of test set – number of test scripts that will be executed to completion Size of test effort – total time required to perform all the test activities: plan, analyze, execute, track, retest, integrate fixes, etc. Cost of total test effort - - - size of test effort in person-hours multiplied by dollars per person hour. * Test schedule should be built based on historical information from past & an estimate of the current effort

11. How do we create a test inventory Data collected from inspections/reviews of requirements/design/etc. Known Analytical methods –Path analysis –Data analysis –Usage statistics profile –Environmental catalog (executing environments) Non-Analytical –Experts’ gorilla test –Customer support’s past intuition/brainstorming