1. For pregnant teens in HS parenting programs, do attitudes, social norms, perceived control predict continuation in high school? P: Pregnant teens,15-17, currently attending a teen parent high school I: Attitudes, perceived control, social norms and intention O: Continuation in HS after birth of child

2. Theory of Planned Behavior Demographics TBP Construct s Intention predicts behavior Outcome AgeSN School successPCIntentionBehavior SES GPA Fx Hx Attitude

3. Research Design  Qualitative Questionnaire Development  Prospective, Descriptive Correlational  7 sites (urban, rural, ethnic mix)  Convenience sample: 65 pregnant teens  Administered a written questionnaire between 20-32 weeks  Measured school attendance from 4-6 weeks postpartum

4. IV and DV Variables  Independent variables: Demographics Attitude, social norms, perceived control, intention  Dependent variable: Continuation in school: # of days from 4- 6 weeks

5. Participants: 65 Pregnant Adolescents in Teen Parent Programs Means: age: 16.12, GPA: 2.04, age/grade lag:.17, Grade: 10.8, FOB/MOB age difference: 3.17 year Percentage: AA (13%), Hispanic (42%), Caucasian (45%). Refusal rate: 2% Attrition: 6% (fetal demise, diagnosis of CA) 7 Sites: Relationship of demographics to school attendance: site, ethnicity, SES, age, grade, GPA P values:.13 -.95 Was I happy?

6. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria:  In a teen parent HS program  1 st baby  Aged 15-18  Going to keep baby  Speaks and reads English  Won’t graduate in next 6 months

7. Psychometrics: Development of Questionnaire: Validity  48 adolescent mothers: 32 in school, 16 had dropped out  Themes developed  Feedback from participants on questions  Face validity: “experts”  Content validity: Used TPB constructs based on interviews written mothers

8. Questionnaire Reliability  Stability: test-retest  Homogeneity: Cronbach’s alpha: Perceived Control, Attitude, Social Norm, Intention subscales r =.50-.89  Interrater reliability: 2 data collectors  No inconsistencies in data collection instruments

9. Questionnaire Reliability  72 items on questionnaire  Likert scale: evenly spaced  Response set bias: Some positive, some negative; Took 15-20 minutes to complete  Test-Retest: Okay  4 practice questions related to eating at McDonald’s  Paper and pencil  6 questions on a page

10. Internal Validity: Controlling It!  History? Took place over 9 months  Maturation?  Selection? convenience sample. Refusal rate: 2%; demographics the same among sites.  Mortality: 6% attrition for unforeseen reasons (fetal demise and cancer)

11. External Validity: Who can I generalize to?  Refusal rates? 2%  Interactive effect of setting & IV?  Interaction of history & IV?  Hawthorne effect?  I can generalize to…? Who were the participants?