Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Chapter Ninth Edition America: Past and Present America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Copyright ©2011,

Published byDeanna Cockerham Modified over 10 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter Ninth Edition America: Past and Present America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Copyright ©2011,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter Ninth Edition America: Past and Present America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Sectional Crisis 14

2 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Compromise of 1850 North and South conflict violently over slavery’s extension into the territories No Federal authority to regulate slavery limited what North could do Professional politicians mediate conflict Foreshadows what is to come – Preston Brooks vs. Charles Sumner

3 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Problem of Slavery in the Mexican Cession Congressional power over slavery includes: – Setting conditions to make territories states – Forbidding slavery in new states Mexican Cession of 1848 puts status of slavery in new territory into question

4 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Wilmot Proviso Launches the Free-Soil Movement Mexican War mobilizes antislavery groups Wilmot Proviso – Ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico –Proviso passes in House, fails in Senate Battle over the Proviso foreshadows sectional conflict of 1850s

5 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Squatter Sovereignty and the Election of 1848 Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass proposes popular sovereignty – Congress allows territorial settlers to decide Free-Soil party formed to limit extension of slavery – racial prejudice and fear of labor competition from slaves

6 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Taylor Takes Charge Taylor proposes admitting California and New Mexico as states immediately South reacts angrily – Not enough time for planters to settle – Immediate admission would result in no slavery Proposed Nashville convention prompts fears of Southern secession

7 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Forging a Compromise Henry Clay’s 1850 compromise package – California admitted as a free state – Slave trade prohibited in District of Columbia – Strong fugitive slave law – Enlarged New Mexico territory to be admitted on basis of popular sovereignty

8 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands President Taylor opposes, VP Fillmore supports Clay’s compromise July 1850, Taylor dies Compromise passed as separate measures Forging a Compromise

9 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Compromise of 1850

10 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Forging a Compromise: The Fugitive Slave Law Part of Compromise of 1850 Those accused of being fugitive slaves denied Constitution rights Very unpopular in Abolitionist areas Anthony Burns case in Boston 1854

11 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Political Upheaval, 1852–1856 Whigs and Democrats manage controversy in 1850 Sectionalism destroys both parties in 1850s

12 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Party System in Crisis Parties need new issues after 1850 Democrats succeed: – Claim credit for the nation’s prosperity – Promise to defend the Compromise of 1850 Whigs fail, become internally divided 1852: Whig Winfield Scott loses in a landslide to Democrat Franklin Pierce

13 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm Senator Stephen Douglas (D–IL) wants Kansas and Nebraska open to settlement to facilitate Transcontinental RR to Chicago and stimulate economy 1854: Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska bill – Apply popular sovereignty to Kansas, Nebraska – Repeal Missouri Compromise line

14 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Act passes on sectional vote Northerners outraged, Democratic party split Act was catastrophe for sectional harmony The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm

15 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

16 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands KS-NE Act seen as North making concessions to South, but not getting anything in return Whig indecision causes party to disintegrate Mass defection among Northern Democrats The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm

17 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands “Anti-Nebraska” candidates sweep North in 1854 congressional elections Democrats become sole Southern party Free-Soil Party grows stronger and becomes Republicans President Pierce’s effort to acquire Cuba provokes antislavery firestorm The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm

18 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands An Appeal to Nativism: The Know-Nothing Episode Know-Nothings (American Party) appeals to anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant sentiment – especially against Germans and Irish 1854: American Party surges – popular issues of time but did not address slavery Party fails: Probable cause: No response to slavery

19 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans As result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act the Republican party unites former Whigs, Know-Nothings, Free-Soilers, Northern Democrats Defends West for white, small farmers from Slave Power – stop extension of slavery in territories Civil War in Kansas is rehearsal for later

20 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Republican Party a sectional party “Bleeding Kansas” helps Republicans – Violent struggle between abolitionists and proslavery forces for control of Kansas territory creates a Civil War – Pro-slavery people come from MO to vote illegally in Kansas election (fraud election) – Popular Sovereignty failed Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans

21 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands “Bleeding Kansas”

22 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Sectional Division in the Election of 1856 Republican John C. Frémont seeks votes only in free states Know-Nothing Millard Fillmore champions sectional compromise Democrat James Buchanan defends the Compromise of 1850, carries election

23 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Sectional Division in the Election of 1856 Election really two elections: –North: Freemont vs. Buchanan –South: Fillmore vs. Buchanan Republicans make clear gains in North End of two party system

24 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The House Divided, 1857–1860 Sectional quarrel becomes virtually irreconcilable under Buchanan Growing sense of deep cultural differences, opposing interests between North and South Division was increasing seen in cultural and intellectual terms

25 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Cultural Sectionalism Major Protestant denominations divide into Northern and Southern entities over slavery Southern literature romanticizes plantation life South seeks intellectual, economic independence

26 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Cultural Sectionalism Northern intellectuals condemn slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin an immense success in North Harriet Beecher Stowe author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Most important example of literary abolitionism

27 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857): Supreme Court can decide on slavery in the territories Court refuses narrow determination of case

28 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Dred Scott Case Major arguments: – Scott has no right to sue because neither he nor any other black, slave or free, is a citizen – Congress has no authority to prohibit slavery in territories, Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Ruling supports Republican claim that an aggressive slave power dominated all branches of federal government South likes decision

29 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Lecompton Controversy After fraud election, two capitals set up in Kansas – slavery capital at Lecompton – free capital at Lawrence 1857: Rigged Lecompton convention drafts constitution to make Kansas a slave state Congress has bitter debates and rejects Lecompton Constitution People of Kansas repudiate Lecompton Constitution by 6 to 1 margin in 1858

30 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Lecompton Controversy Lecompton incident more evidence to Republicans of slave power conspiracy Lecompton and Dred Scott case destroy Stephen Douglas’s hopes of unified Democratic party protecting popular sovereignty

31 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Debating the Morality of Slavery Lincoln – Decries “Southern plot” to extend slavery – Promises to work for slavery’s extinction – Casts slavery as a moral problem – Defends white supremacy in response to Douglas

32 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Debating the Morality of Slavery Douglas accuses Lincoln of favoring equality Lincoln loses election, gains national reputation

33 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The South’s Crisis of Fear October, 1859: John Brown raids Harper’s Ferry Robert E. Lee sent to defeat Brown Brown executed, many Northerners see him as martyr Event increased southern fears of northern hostility

34 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The South’s Crisis of Fear Hinton Helper’s Impending Crisis of the South asked poor white Southerners to overthrow planter dominance and abolish slavery –Endorsed by House Republican leader John Sherman

35 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The South’s Crisis of Fear To Southerners, Republicans seen as radical abolitionists Southerners convinced they must secede on election of Republican president

36 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Election of 1860: Republicans Abraham Lincoln nominated – Home state of Illinois crucial to election – Seen as moderate Platform to widen party’s appeal – High tariffs for industry – Free homesteads for small farmers – Government aid for internal improvements Lincoln wins by carrying North

37 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Election of 1860: Democrats Party splits Northern Democrats –Stephen Douglas –Continued support for popular sovereignty Southern Democrats –John Breckenridge –Federal protection of slavery in territories

38 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands The Election of 1860: Constitutional Union Party Candidate John Bell Promises compromise between North and South

39 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Election of 1860: Outcome 2 contests –North: Lincoln vs. Douglas –South: Bell vs. Breckenridge Republicans get electoral majority with all but 3 Northern electoral votes, although only 40% of popular vote nationwide

40 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Election of 1860: Outcome South sees this as beginning of permanent minority status in American politics Deep South political leaders launch secession movements

41 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands

42 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Explaining the Crisis Republicans a strict sectional party Fundamental conflict of ideals Southern ideals – Paternalism, generosity, prosperity – Slavery defended on the grounds of race

43 Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Explaining the Crisis Northern ideals – Inspired by evangelical Protestantism – Each person free and responsible – Slavery tyrannical and immoral

Download ppt "Chapter Ninth Edition America: Past and Present America: Past and Present, Ninth Edition Divine Breen Frederickson Williams Gross Brands Copyright ©2011,"

Similar presentations

The Nation Divides The Road to the Civil War. The Debate Continues Wilmot Proviso – 1846 David Wilmot proposed that slavery be banned from the Mexican.

The Nation Divides The Road to the Civil War. The Debate Continues Wilmot Proviso – 1846 David Wilmot proposed that slavery be banned from the Mexican.
THE SECTIONAL CRISIS America: Past and Present, Chapter 14.

THE SECTIONAL CRISIS America: Past and Present, Chapter 14.
Chapter 14 THE SECTIONAL CRISIS

Chapter 14 THE SECTIONAL CRISIS
THE SECTIONAL CRISIS America: Past and Present, Chapter 14.

THE SECTIONAL CRISIS America: Past and Present, Chapter 14.
Chapter 10 The Union in Peril

Chapter 10 The Union in Peril
American Stories: A History of the United States Second Edition Chapter American Stories: A History of the United States, Second Edition Brands Breen Williams.

American Stories: A History of the United States Second Edition Chapter American Stories: A History of the United States, Second Edition Brands Breen Williams.
The Turbulent 1850’s The events of this one decade successively removed any prospect of avoiding a Civil War.

The Turbulent 1850’s The events of this one decade successively removed any prospect of avoiding a Civil War.
THE SECTIONAL CRISIS The Impact on Political Parties.

THE SECTIONAL CRISIS The Impact on Political Parties.
SECTIONALISM The Union in Crisis. Slavery Divides the Nation Northern Views on Slavery  African Americans inferior in North  Many Northerners were never.

SECTIONALISM The Union in Crisis. Slavery Divides the Nation Northern Views on Slavery  African Americans inferior in North  Many Northerners were never.
A guide intended to help you understand the causes of the war and how they may have shaped Reconstruction, 1865-1877.

A guide intended to help you understand the causes of the war and how they may have shaped Reconstruction,
Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Chapter 13 Section 1 Technology and Industrial Growth Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 1 The Union.

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Chapter 13 Section 1 Technology and Industrial Growth Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 1 The Union.
Click to add text Events Leading to the Civil War.

Click to add text Events Leading to the Civil War.
A Mighty Avalanche-Issues Chart Causes of the Civil War.

A Mighty Avalanche-Issues Chart Causes of the Civil War.
Causes of the Civil War 10 Critical Events. US-Mexican War (1846-48) Starts with a fight over Texas Results in the addition of lots of new territory (S.W.

Causes of the Civil War 10 Critical Events. US-Mexican War ( ) Starts with a fight over Texas Results in the addition of lots of new territory (S.W.
THE UNION IN PERIL CHAPTER 10 Review 1848-1861 When voters in a territory vote on whether or not to have slavery.

THE UNION IN PERIL CHAPTER 10 Review When voters in a territory vote on whether or not to have slavery.
Road to the U.S. Civil War. Economic & Social Divisions, Distrust & Political Conflict → War The South was dependent on growing cotton and slavery A growing.

Road to the U.S. Civil War. Economic & Social Divisions, Distrust & Political Conflict → War The South was dependent on growing cotton and slavery A growing.
C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1914 1 A DIVIDED NATION (1848–1860) Section 1: The Debate over Slavery Section 2: Trouble.

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to A DIVIDED NATION (1848–1860) Section 1: The Debate over Slavery Section 2: Trouble.
The Road to the American Civil War- Day 1. Early Attempts to Contain Slavery: REVIEW 1820: Missouri Compromise divides the nation at the 36 30’ parallel.

The Road to the American Civil War- Day 1. Early Attempts to Contain Slavery: REVIEW 1820: Missouri Compromise divides the nation at the 36 30’ parallel.
200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Compromise of 1850 Resistance and Violence New Parties.

Compromise of 1850 Resistance and Violence New Parties.
The 1850s: Road to Secession.

The 1850s: Road to Secession.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google