1. Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840-1861)
Section 2 A Nation Dividing

2. Section 2-Polling Question
If you disagree with a law, do you have the right not to obey it?
A. Yes, always
B. No, never
C. Only under certain circumstances A B C

3. How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
Essential Question
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?

4. The Fugitive Slave Act
As part of the Compromise of 1850, Senator Henry Clay convinced Congress to pass the Fugitive Slave Law
This was to pacify slaveholders
This required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves
Anyone who aided a fugitive could be fined or imprisoned
Southerners believed the law would force Northerners to recognize the rights of Southerners
Instead, the enforcement of the law convinced more people of the evils of slavery

5. A B C D What resulted from the Fugitive Slave Act?
Section 2
What resulted from the Fugitive Slave Act?
A. Passage of the law quieted widespread violence in Kansas and Nebraska.
B. Most Northerners believed Southern slaveholders’ rights should be upheld.
C. Abolitionists were jailed in the North.
D. The law angered the North, convincing many of the evils of slavery. A B C D

6. The Fugitive Slave Act Continued
After the passage, slaveholders stepped up their efforts to catch runaways
Even tried to catch runaways who lived in freedom in the North for years
Sometimes they forced African Americans who were not trying to escape into slavery
Some Northerners refused to cooperate with the law
They justified it on moral grounds
1849 Henry David Thoreau wrote “Civil Disobedience”
If the law “requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then I say, break the law”

7. Helping Runaway Slaves
The Underground Railroad- A network of free African Americans and whites helped runaways to freedom
Antislavery groups tried to rescue African Americans being chased and tried to free those that were captured
In Boston, an antislavery group shouted “Slave hunters- there go the slave hunters”
People put their money together to buy slaves’ freedom
Northern juries refused to convict those accused of violating the Fugitive Slave Act

8. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
President Franklin Pierce intended to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
1854- Illinois senator Stephan A. Douglas introduced a bill in Congress
Douglas proposed organizing the region west of Missouri and Iowa as the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Because of their location, they both seemed likely to be Free states
Both were north of 36°30' north (Missouri Compromise)
Douglas knew the South would object because it would give the free states more votes in the Senate
Douglas called for eliminating the Missouri Compromise and for popular sovereignty (allow the people to decide)

9. Kansas-Nebraska Map

10. Passage of the Act Northerners protested
This plan would allow slavery into areas that had been free for more than 30 years
Southerners supported the bill
Southerners expected Kansas to be settled mostly by slaveholders from Missouri who would vote to keep slavery legal
Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854

11. Conflict in Kansas
When the law passed, pro-slavery and antislavery groups rushed into Kansas
When elections took place, a pro-slavery legislature was elected
Only 1,500 voters lived in Kansas at the time
But there were more than 6,000 ballots cast
1,000s of pro-slavery supporters from Missouri crossed the border just to vote in the election
These Missourians traveled in armed groups and became known as border ruffians

12. Conflict in Kansas Continued
The new Kansas legislature passed laws supporting slavery
One law even restricted political office to pro-slavery candidates
The antislavery people refused to accept these laws
They armed themselves, held their own elections, and adopted their own constitution that banned slavery
By Rival governments existed in Kansas
One for slavery and one against slavery
The city of Topeka, shown here on a panoramic map from 1869, housed the Free Soil Kansas legislature.

13. Pro-slavery Attacks Both sides were armed and violence was inevitable
May slavery supporters attacked Lawrence, a stronghold of antislavery settlers
The attackers burned the Free State Hotel and destroyed two newspaper offices and many homes
Anti Slavery force retaliated

14. Antislavery Attacks
Abolitionist John Brown (from Hudson, Ohio) believed God chose him to end slavery
Brown heard of the attack on Lawrence and vowed to “strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people”
Brown led a group and killed 5 supporters of slavery
Armed bands soon roamed the territory

15. “Bleeding Kansas”
Newspapers referred to “Bleeding Kansas” and “the Civil War in Kansas”
In October 1856, the territorial governor sent federal troops to stop the bloodshed
Violence also broke out in Congress
Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner lashed out against pro-slavery forces in Kansas, such as Andrew P. Butler from South Carolina
2 days later, Butler’s cousin, Representative Preston Brooks, walked into the Senate and hit Sumner with a cane
Sumner fell unconscious and bleeding

16. A B C D What was the main cause of the Civil War in Kansas?
Section 2
What was the main cause of the Civil War in Kansas?
A. Dual governments set up by pro- and antislavery groups
B. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
C. John Brown’s attack on Pottawatomie Creek
D. Invasion of Kansas by border ruffians A B C D

17. How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
Essential Question
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
-Outsiders corrupted the election, and fighting broke out over the results

18. Enforcement of the Fugitive Act led to
compromise.
more anger in the North.
recognition of Southerners' rights.
an end to the struggle.

19. Stephen A. Douglas proposed letting the people decide about slavery through
popular sovereignty.
states' choice.
free choice.
people's choice.

20. Missourians who traveled in armed groups to cross the border and vote in elections became known as
border ruffians.
border voters.
border patrol.
Missouri voters.

21. The law that required all citizens to help catch runaway enslaved people was the
Removal Act.
Fugitive Slave Act.
Runaway Act.
Slave Owners Act.

22. What did Senator Stephen A
What did Senator Stephen A. Douglas propose should be replaced by popular sovereignty?
Missouri–Maine Act
Texas–Maine Act
Kansas–Nebraska Act
Missouri Compromise

23. According to the __________, a person could be fined or imprisoned for aiding fugitives.
Southern Slave Act
Owners-Right Act
Fugitive Slave Act
Runaway Slave Act

24. A war between citizens of the same country is called
a cold war.
an undeclared war.
a civil war.
a country war.

25. Who vowed to “strike terror in the hearts of pro-slavery people”?
Andrew P. Butler
Preston Brooks
Charles Sumner
John Brown

26. Rival proslavery and antislavery governments existed in
Missouri.
California.
Texas.
Kansas.

27. What was the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery?
Texas
Kansas
Missouri
South Carolina