1. Social Studies Exam Review 2012

2. What was the main advantage of the South in the Civil War? The strong support of its white population.

3. In boomtowns, people who dealt out their own brand of justice without benefit of judge or jury were called Vigilantes

4. The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free state in the Senate was the Missouri Compromise

5. Railroad construction was made possible by government financial aid and land grants called subsidies

6. What railroad connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts? Transcontinental railroad

7. Which of the following marked the end of the Cattle Kingdom? Price collapse of mid-1880’s

8. One of the greatest dangers of a cattle drives was The stampede

9. The first college in the United States to admit women and African Americans was Oberlin College of Ohio

10. The first president of the Confederate States of America was Jefferson Davis

11. Bull Run ( Manassas) Where was the first major battle of the Civil War?

12. Freedmen’s Bureau What government agency set up schools and helped formerly enslaved African Americans in the South?

13. Telegraph Which invention filled the need for a method of communication that kept up with the industrial growth and fast-paced travel?

14. The steel-tipped plow What did John Deere invent in 1837?

15. The mechanical reaper An invention that ensured that raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies was the

16. Trade Unions To improve their working conditions, workers formed organizations called

17. Nativists People opposed to immigration were known as

18. Demand in Great Britain What kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860?

19. Nat Turner Who was the religious leader who led a slave revolt in 1831?

20. Dorothea Dix Who was the school teacher who helped reform attitudes toward the mentally ill?

21. Transcendentalist People who stressed the relationship between human and nature and the importance of the individual conscience were called

22. the antislavery movement By 1830, the most pressing social issue for reformers was

23. Women’s rights Many leading abolitionist were involved in the antislavery movement and

24. medicine Elizabeth Blackwell made contributions in the field of

25. sectionalism An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country is called

26. Fugitive Slave Act The law that required all citizens to catch runaway enslaved people was the

27. Kansas-Nebraska Act What act did Sam Houston predict would “convulse the country from Maine to the Rio Grande”?

28. Kansas Rival proslavery and antislavery existed in

29. The Dred Scott Case What Supreme Court decision meant that the Constitution protected slavery?

30. South Carolina The first state to vote to secede was

31. States rights Southerners justified secession with the theory of

32. the shelling of Fort Sumter The event that marked the beginning of the Civil War was

33. Maryland Perhaps the most important border state was

34. as an independent nation. For the South, the primary aim of the was to win recognition as

35. Bull Run (Manassas) The victorious Confederate army was only 20 miles from Washington D.C., after the second battle at

36. Antietam The single bloodies day of the entire war took place at

37. to preserve the Union From the start of the war, the North’s main goal was

38. Emancipation Proclamation What law did Abraham Lincoln formally sign on January 1, 1863, which freed enslaved African Americans in the Confederacy?

39. draft The law that required men between certain ages to serve in the army for three years was called the

40. Gettysburg President Abraham Lincoln’s address at what battlefield helped war-weary Americans focus on their shared ideals?

41. Appomattox Courthouse General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in a small Virginia village called

42. Reconstruction The period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War was called

43. Freedmen’s Bureau African Americans were helped to make the transition to freedom by the

44. Civil Rights Act of 1866 African Americans were granted full citizenship by the

45. Fourteenth Amendment All individuals born in the United States were granted full citizenship by the

46. impeach When President Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act, the House of Representatives voted to

47. Fifteenth Amendment What amendment gave African Americans men the right to vote?

48. education What did African Americans see as an important step to a better life?

49. The Compromise of 1877 What ended Reconstruction?

50. A poll tax, a literacy test or proof that “your” grandfather voted. As a means of keeping poor people and African Americans from voting, many Southern states required