1. Military Support to Legitimacy Bruce Gilley, Associate Professor and Director of Public Policy Programs, Mark O. Hatfield School of Government, Portland State University

2. Legitimacy Is the Main Objective Partnership/Stability/Moderation InternalExternal Legitimacy Rule-FollowingLocal NormsConsent Civil Affairs Sectors Security, Basic Needs, Governance (Accountability), Development, Rule of Law

3. Sector Success ≠ Legitimacy “Afghanistan provides no proof that the success of direct medical engagements led by security actors contributes to a wider strategy to win hearts and minds…Direct health intervention by military did not promote complete confidence on the part of the Afghan people in local government or the Ministry of Public Health, and hence it is debatable whether these interventions have done more harm or good.” (NATO-Harvard Afghanistan Case Study, 2013) ”

4. Legitimization Process Civil Affairs Sector EffortsImproved Social ConditionsCongruence With Rules, Values, ConsentRelative State Legitimacy

5. Governance Example Local council control of school fundsEducation, empowerment Rule-following, norm congruence, participation/consent Relative state legitimacy

6. Mission Level Host nation legitimacy as main objective of the internal agenda Managing mission expectations Defining mission success Guidelines Level Rapid transition from external to internal agenda (shape conditions) National ownership networks Statesmanship not responsiveness Policy Level State-trusting-society initiatives State-centered assistance Contextual implementation of sectors Organization Level Legitimacy training for civil affairs professionals (38G) Unified actions for legitimacy (non-civil affairs, non-U.S.) Civil Affairs Operations for Legitimacy

7. 38G: Organization  Pre-Deployment: capacity & coordination needs  Deployment: context & leadership needs

8. 38G: Classification & Training  Generalists (mission aims) with specialist credentialling (mission sectors)  Advisors (support to civil government) with implementation credentialling (military government)