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Hyphens, Dashes, & Parentheses Chapter 11
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Here’s the idea… Hyphens, dashes, and parentheses help make your writing clear by separating or setting off words or parts of words.
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Hyphens Use a hyphen if part of a word must be carried over from one line to the next. The word must have at least two syllables to be broken. Correct: num-ber Incorrect: co-de
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For example Ms. Walsh was extremely hap- py when her friends came to visit Chicago.
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Hyphens Always separate words between syllables Correct: let-ter Incorrect: lette-r
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Hyphens You must leave at least two letters on each line Correct: twen-ty Incorrect: a-cross
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Hyphens Use hyphens in certain compound words. Examples: half-dollar great-grandmother
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Hyphens Use hyphens in compound numbers from twenty-one (21) through ninety-nine (99) Examples: sixty-three twenty-six
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Hyphens Use hyphens in spelled-out fractions Examples: two-thirds three-fourths
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Let’s Practice! When I take my cousins to the carnival, they love to go on the merry go round.
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My brother is thirty five years old.
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When I make oatmeal for breakfast, I have to include one fourth cup of boiling water.
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My great grandmother was named Ottilia.
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Last winter was terrible; it was extremely cold out side.
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My dad gets along well with my grandmother; his mother in law.
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Mrs. Lilly had a busy summe- r planning for her wedding.
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Next year, my brother will turn twenty one.
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The cookie recipe called for two-thirds of a cup of sugar.
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Dashes Use dashes to show an abrupt break in thought. Example: Louis Braille –who lost his sight at age three- invented an alphabet for blind people.
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Dashes Another example: Ms. Walsh - who fell and broke her arm at age 10- is deathly afraid of bunk beds.
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Parentheses Use parentheses to set off material that is loosely related to the rest of a sentence. Example: Each six-dot cell stands for a character (a letter of the alphabet, a number, a punctuation mark, or a contraction).
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Parentheses Another example: Mr. Agnew ate a pear (a yellow colored fruit) at lunch today.
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Let’s Practice! Decide: Should you use dashes or parentheses?
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My favorite holiday is Halloween ___ Kit Kats are my favorite candy.
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My mom grew up on a farm __ she likes to tell stories about her childhood __where they raised cattle and grew crops.
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It’s fun to run a marathon __ which is 26.2 miles in length __ as long as you have trained properly.
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