1. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations (12 marks)

2. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations In groups brainstorm the main effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations. Use the information sheets & p43-45 In your textbook to find the key effects/consequences of the war. Not too much detail at this stage, just the main ‘headings’ You have 10 minutes – so divide the work up!

3. Main headings? Road to Camp David and peace »Oil weapon »Egypt moves towards USA away from USSR »Israeli uncertainty, no longer ‘David’, no longer ‘invincible’ Palestinians and Lebanon »More refugees = greater instability, especially Lebanon »Left out of peace process, greater support for PLO – to fight for peace their own way. »Lebanon: ‘Fatahland’ attacks on Israel + Israeli peace with Egypt = invasions. Devastation Wider peace? »With Egypt isolated, Sadat assassinated. Chances don’t look good. Emergence of a new Arab champion?

4. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations Arab world uses the ‘oil weapon’: severe strain on economies of Israel’s allies: mainly Europe and USA: they in turn apply pressure on Israel to withdraw and negotiate. Egypt moves away from USSR and towards the USA Israeli uncertainty + Sadat/Arab worlds new found confidence + USA pressure = chance for peace, culminating in Camp David

5. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations But, every silver lining has a cloud! War results in even more refugees in Jordan and Lebanon – instability and growing support for PLO and other groups. Peace process leaves Palestinians out: situation without Egyptian support leaves them looking even more hopeless. Increasing PLO raids on Israel from refugee camps in Lebanon + Israeli peace with Egypt provide motive and opportunity for Israeli invasions of Lebanon.

6. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations Further consequences of Egypt stepping (shoved?) aside: Egyptian relations with rest of the Arab world decline Sadat assassinated. Chances of wider Arab-Israeli peace talks reduced – no military pressure from Egypt and also Arab leaders looking at consequences for Sadat of ‘going it alone’

7. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations Further consequences for Israel: First war in which they suffered substantial casualties and POW’s This + the later experience of the wars in Lebanon led to growth of ‘Israeli peace movement’ in Israel.

8. Describe the effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations Wider effects? Camp David isolates Egypt from rest of Arab world: they feel betrayed by Sadat’s ‘go it alone’ peace Arab world is now lacking a clear leader. Syria tries to take on the role, but ultimately too small and weak Enter Saddam Hussein: backed by the USA!

9. Writing the essay 12 marks = 800 words approx Intro: Immediate consequences (who won etc) and how you are going to answer the question (categories etc) Main: remember to have clear ‘sections’ with linking sentences. Focus throughout on the effect of the war on Arab-Israeli relations. Conclusion: answer the question.

10. Themes/categories? Positive vs negative? Economic/Political/Military? Short term/long term?

11. Rest of today, tomorrow and homework…. First draft of your answer, for peer review on Thursday