12. A friend of mine, Anna Paquin, has recently returned from Antarctica, bringing with her a young penguin for Sea World. Paquin's Penguin prefers a water temperature as close to 0˚C as possible. She would like your lab group to watch over the penguin for a few hours, but before she will let you penguin-sit she wants to make sure that you can keep the penguin feeling comfortable.

13. Develop a device to keep chilled water cooler than other team's devices at the end of 45 minutes. Your design must include a thermometer resting within the water that can be read throughout the 45 minutes. Build your insulation system around the cup with the chilled water provided to you. Discuss – Draw – Present to Class – Discuss – Build – Report – Discuss – Build Again

14. What will be your control group(s) for this experiment?

16. Cloth 2 popsicle sticks Scissors Thermometer 2 cotton balls 4x12” aluminum foil 4-5 paper towels Pipe cleaner 1 meter masking tape 3 paper cups 1 meter string 12-15 styrofoam “peanuts” Styrofoam cup 200mL beaker 2 rubber bands Plastic cup 2 paperclips Toliet paper roll ½ drinking straw

17. Temperature difference in 30 minutes (1 st attempt) 3rd Hour5th Hour6th Hour Group1 7⁰C7⁰C6⁰C6⁰C3⁰C3⁰C 2 6⁰C6⁰C7⁰C7⁰C8⁰C8⁰C 3 5⁰C5⁰C4⁰C4⁰C2⁰C2⁰C 4 6⁰C6⁰C10 ⁰ C4⁰C4⁰C Group5 6⁰C6⁰C6⁰C6⁰C6⁰C6⁰C 6 5⁰C5⁰C5⁰C5⁰C3⁰C3⁰C 7 ⁰C⁰C7⁰C7⁰C 1⁰C1⁰C 8 ⁰C⁰C4⁰C4⁰C ⁰C⁰C Average 5.86.13.9

18. Temperature difference in 30 minutes (2 nd attempt) 3rd Hour5th Hour6th Hour Group1 4⁰C4⁰C5⁰C5⁰C8⁰C8⁰C 2 5⁰C5⁰C7⁰C7⁰C9⁰C9⁰C 3 6⁰C6⁰C ⁰C⁰C7⁰C7⁰C 4 5⁰C5⁰C8⁰C8⁰C7⁰C7⁰C 5 1⁰C1⁰C10 ⁰ C3⁰C3⁰C Group6 5⁰C5⁰C6⁰C6⁰C8⁰C8⁰C 7 ⁰C⁰C6⁰C6⁰C4⁰C4⁰C 8 ⁰C⁰C6⁰C6⁰C ⁰C⁰C Average 4.36.96.6

19. Reflection: “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself — and you are the easiest person to fool.” Did the “winning” design perform the same way during the second attempt? Defend your answer. How may you be fooling yourself with this answer?

20. Reflection: Where did the energy flow in order to make the water warm up? Where did this energy come from? Why is metal a good conductor of heat while air is a poor conductor? Name at least one control group for this experiment and why would it be important?

21. Control groups: Water in paper cup 11 ° C Water in plastic cup 11 ° C Water in styrofoam cup 11 ° C Water in glass beaker 12 ° C

22. What could you do different to improve this investigation? Construct a vacuum Check your instruments Transfer the water without touching a cup Multiple trials Don’t touch the thermometer

23. What could you do different to improve this investigation? Carbon copy trashcans Multiple trials Transfer water more efficiently

24. What could you do different to improve this investigation? Test the equipment Identical equipment Multiple trials Starting time the same for everyone