1. Conservation of New Zealand’s Seabirds Alan Tennyson Museum of NZ Te Papa Tongarewa

2. NZ’s Seabirds c.300 seabirds worldwide 98 breed in NZ region Another 47 occur in NZ waters 15 penguins 79 albatrosses and petrels 23 pelicans, gannets, shags, darters, frigatebirds & tropicbirds 28 skuas, gulls, terns © A Tennyson

3. 79 tubenoses = albatrosses and petrels 17 albatrosses 8 storm petrels 2 diving petrels 52 procellarids

4. Vast range © P Carey

5. Nesting - slow breeders © A Tennyson

6. Threat status Half NZ’s breeding species threatened

7. Threats to seabirds Introduced predators Pollution Fishing Climate change

8. Introduced mammals - 2 species extinct

9. Pollution @ IBRRC @ Greenpeace

10. Fisheries interactions By-catch –Longlining –Trawling –Gill-netting Food supplies

11. Longlining around Southern Ocean from Birdlife international Longliner map Green = grey-headed albatross; Blue = black-browed albatross; Purple = royal albatross; Dark grey = giant petrel; Buff = light- mantled sooty albatross Largest red circles = > 4 million hooks set per year

12. Longlining - 1-2,000 per year in NZ - Nearly half are albatrosses © N Brothers

13. Trawling

14. Trawler kills 1-2,000 per year in NZ © G Hutching Forest & Bird

15. White-capped albatross observed capture rate (birds/100 trawls) (Abraham 2009)

16. Gill-netting - ?numbers © R Greenaway

17. Food supplies

18. Climate change? - rockhopper penguin 95% decline Effects on southern seabirds poorly understood and variable Positives -little penguins in Australia enhanced breeding -increased bb molly in NZ region and Heard -king penguin incr at Heard -Ross Sea Adelies increases -Chinstraps incr and expanded south bcos more open water -Emperor hatching better in warmer conditions Negatives -short-tailed shearwaters travel further for food -W Ant Penin Adelies decreased -incr Emperor mortality -NZ crested penguin popns mainly decreasing as food moves further from shore -Increased GP predation on Antarctic petrels due to extra snow allowing petels better access to petrels at Casey Station

19. What’s been done? - Colony pests eradicated - Greater awareness, broader at-sea monitoring - Legal protection at sea - Unsafe fisheries eliminated or restricted - Mitigation techniques introduced/trialled - Fisheries levies allowing colony monitoring Drift-netting banned Trawler cable ban [photo bird on cable]

20. © N Brothers - More predator control - More awareness - More monitoring at sea and at colonies - More compulsory fishing technique mitigation - Unsafe techniques eliminated or restricted through area closures - Sustainable fisheries, including food supplies What needs doing?

21. © C Miskelly

22. Sooty shearwater migrations revealed by geolocation loggers

23. Photo surfbirds.com/trip_report.php?id=1067 Photo Angus Wilson Photo en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black- footed_Albatross en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black- footed_Albatross