1. PENGUINS By
Courtney Deal

2. Table of Contents Temperature Predators Diet Pastimes Catching Food
Penguins Are Birds
Habitats
Temperature
Predators
Diet
Pastimes
Catching Food
Penguin Chicks
Fasting
Species
Rookery

3. Penguins Are Birds Cannot fly 75% of time is spent underwater
Avg. speed under water- 15 mph
Cannot breathe under water

4. Habitat South America Sub Antarctic Africa Antarctica Magellanic
Humboldt
Gentoo
Rockhopper
Macaroni
Galapogos
King
Royal
Macaroni
Gentoo
Rockhopper
Australia
New Zealand
African
Emperor
Adelie
Gentoo
Chinstrap
Little (Blue)
Fjordland
Snares Island
Erect-Crested
Rockhopper
Yellow-Eyed

5. Temperature Warm blooded Body temperature-100F
Blubber, down, waterproof feathers
Huddle together for warmth

6. Predators Leopard Seals Sea lions Orcas Australian Sea Eagle Ferrets
Cats
Snakes
Lizards
Foxes
Rats

7. Pastimes
Tobogganing
Surfing
Diving

8. Diet Krill, squid, fish Antarctic/Subantarctic species: krill & squid
Northern species: fish
Different food preferences reduces competition
krill

9. Catching Food At sea, 50-60 ft of surface Catch prey w/bills
Swallow whole while swimming
Bioluminescence

10. Fasting During breeding season Annual molting period
Chicks shed juvenile feathers
molting

11. Penguin Chicks Female leaves male w/ eggs
Female returns and male leaves
After hatching, immediately calls
Voice recognition

12. Boulders beach Penguin Rookery
“reproductive areas”
Same mate
Same spot
Mate, nest, and raise chicks
King pen. Rookery in S. Georgia Island in Antarctica
South African Photos
Boulders beach Penguin Rookery

13. Adelie Smallest of Antarctic Named after French expl. wife in 1830s
2 ft 8-9 lbs
Fight over rocks
↑2.5 million breeding prs.
Live in groups of 10,000

14. African 2 ft tall 7-11 lbs Coast of S. Africa Declined to 150,000
Protected species
AKA Blackfoot

15. Blue Smallest 25cm high 1 kg Come ashore @night, live in burrows
Live at home all year

16. Chinstrap 2 ft 10 lbs Most common-13 million Live on large icebergs
Krill and fish

17. Emperor Largest-4ft 90 lbs Lay 1 egg Male cares for egg
Stands w/ egg on feet for 9 wks w/o food
Female returns after egg hatches

18. Erect-Crested Total popul. 200,000 breeding pairs
Nest in shallow holes
Can raise/lower feathers on crest
“Sclater’s Penguin”

19. Fjordland 40 cm 4kg Yellow crest w/ white on cheeks
2nd egg hatches 1st
3,000 breeding pairs

20. Galapagos Galapagos Islands Humboldt Current
Smallest warm weather penguin
1,000 breeding pairs
19 in tall 6 lbs
El Niño caused 70% mortality

21. Gentoo 3ft 13 lbs Wide white stripe on head
Nest in grasslands-stones, grass, sticks
Fights over stones
Pairs stay together throughout year

22. Humboldt Can swim at 7 kph Can sprint at 14 kph Humboldt Current
“inshore” feeders
Both parents care for the chicks

23. King 2nd largest- 3ft 35 lbs Orange spots near ears & on neck
Fish, squid, crustaceans
1 egg

24. Macaroni Named after an English hairstyle
Largest of the Crested variety
70cm tall kg
Total breeding pop.-12,000,000
2 eggs, 1 chick

25. Magellanic Named after Ferdinand Magellan 2ft 3in 9 lbs
Largest of warm weather species
Form underground nesting colonies

26. Rockhopper Hop from rock to rock Able to hop 4-5 ft
While at sea, roam 100 miles from land
Only penguins to enter water feet first

27. Royal Breed at Macquarie Island 500,000 pairs 1st egg is discarded
Chicks hatch in 30 days
After molt, parents remain at sea

28. Snares 40 cm 3 kg Bare skin at base of bill Colonies of 1,500 pairs
Popul.-30,000 pairs
Male guards, female forages

29. Yellow-Eyed Band of yellow feathers Coast of New Zealand
Rarest of all species
Only estimated 1,500 breeding pairs

30. Bibliography
“Diet and Eating Habits.” 4/14/ (4/7/04)
“Kidzone Penguin Facts.” 4/12/04. (4/5/04).
“Oamuru Blue Penguin Colony.” 4/14/ (4/13/04).
“Fact Sheet: Humboldt Penguin.” 4/13/ (4/13/04).
“Australian Antarctic Division.” 4/14/ (4/13/04).
“Snares Crested.” /13/ (4/13/04).
“Penguins In Antarctica.” 5/19/ (4/13/04).
“King Penguin Rookery On South Antarctica.” 4/12/ (4/12/04).
“Oddwidget’s South African Photos: Boulders Beach Penguin Rookery.” /12/ (4/12/04).
“Pete and Barb’s Penguin Pages.” 4/15/ (4/15/04).

31. Bibliography Continued
Rockhopper Penguin.” 4/15/ (4/15/04).
“Galapagos Penguin.” /15/ (4/15/04).