1. Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES Emilda B. Rivers The National Academy of Sciences Postdoc Committee Meeting October 3, 2011 National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) www.nsf.gov/statistics 0

2. Today’s Discussion  The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)  NCSES Education and Workforce Surveys  NCSES Research and Development Surveys  Postdoc Data from NCSES Surveys 1

3. The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)  As part of the America Competes Act of 2010, signed on December 6, 2011 NCSES was created  NCSES is one of the few named “entities” in NSF with stated responsibilities  NCSES carries with it the responsibilities of the Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) as well as new responsibilities 2

4. SRSNCSES Federal statistical agency within NSF Clearinghouse mandate - health and status of the U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) enterprise Clearinghouse mandate – collection, interpretation, analysis and dissemination of objective data on research and development Disseminate informationCollect, acquire, analyze, report and disseminate data related to the science and engineering enterprise in the United States and other nations Conduct surveys and & synthesize data ‘’ Promote gathering of comparable international data ‘’ Data to be collected includes: research and development trends science and engineering workforce United States competitiveness in science, engineering, technology, and research and development Comparison of SRS and NCSES 3

5. SRSNCSES The condition and progress of United States STEM education Support research on NCSES data and methodologies related to data collection, analysis and dissemination NCSES/SRS Database InstituteSupport education and training of researchers in the use of long-scale nationally representative data sets e.g. those collected by NCSES Produce the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB Produce for the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB 4

6. Surveys of Individuals  Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)  Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)  National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)  National Survey of Recent College Graduates (RCG) Education and Workforce Surveys 5

7. Surveys of Institutions Survey on Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering (GSS) ECDS, the Early Career Doctorate Survey A survey of individual doctorates who received their doctorate, doctorate-equivalent, or doctorate-equivalent professional degree within the past 10 years (upcoming survey) Education and Workforce Surveys 6

8. Surveys of Institutions/Organizations  Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD, formerly Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges)  Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development  Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges and Nonprofit Institutions Research and Development Surveys 7

9. Surveys of Institutions/Organizations  Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities  Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS, formerly Survey of Industrial Research and Development)  Survey of State Government R&D Research and Development Surveys 8

10. National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)  The NSCG is a biennial survey of college-educated U.S. residents educated or employed in an S&E field  S&E fields Computer and mathematical sciences Life sciences Physical sciences Social sciences Engineering S&E-related (Health, S&E teaching)  2003 NSCG response rate: 73 percent 9

11. Selected Survey Items on the NSCG Gender Race/ethnicity Citizenship Disability Demographics Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award) Current employment (employer, field, work activities) Work experiences (publications, patents, training) Educational Information Current employer (location, industry, size) Position (academic (postdoc) vs. non-academic) Job details (salary, work activities, start date) Other (job satisfaction, relationship to degree) Occupational Information 10

12. NSCG Postdoc Question Was your principal employer an educational institution? Mark (X) one 1. Yes 2. No (If Yes) What type of academic position did you hold at this institution? Mark (X) all that apply 1. President, Provost, or Chancellor 2. Dean, department head, or chair 3. Research faculty, scientist, associate, or fellow 4. Teaching faculty 5. Adjunct faculty 6. Postdoc (e.g., postdoctoral fellow or associate) 7. Research assistant 8. Teaching assistant 9. Other 11

13. Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)  SED is an annual census of all new research doctorate recipients from accredited U.S. academic institutions  Research Doctorate Requires an original contribution of knowledge to the field (typically a dissertation); and Is not primarily intended for the practice of a profession (e.g., M.D., D.D.S., J.D., Psy.D, D.Min., Pharm.D.)  2010 Response rate: 92 percent 12

14. Selected Survey Items on the SED Gender Race/ethnicity Citizenship at time of doctorate Demographics Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award) Financial support Education-related debt Educational History Definite commitments for next year (Y/N) Employment vs. postdoc Sector of employment Location of employment Starting Salary Postgraduation Plans 13

15. SED Postdoc* Questions What best describes your postgraduate plans (within the next year)? Mark (X) one 1. “Postdoc” or further training 2. Employment What best describes the nature of your further training or study? Mark (X) one 1. “Postdoc” fellowship 2. “Postdoc” research associateship 3. Traineeship 4. Internship, clinical residency 5. Other Training – specify * Postdoc is defined on the SED as “... A temporary position primarily for gaining additional education and training in research, usually awarded in academe, industry, government, or a non-profit organization.” 14

16. Relationships Among SED Postgraduation Plans Data New Doctorate Recipient No definite commitments in coming year (at time of survey) Definite commitments in coming year Definite commitments for postdoc Definite commitments for employment Employment sector Academe Industry Government Other U.S location Foreign location Postgrad location 15

17. SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates New Doctorate Recipients with Definite Commitments for Postdoc by Field of Study: 2000–09 16

18. NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc in the coming year. SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates New Postdoc Rate by Field of Study: 2000–09 17

19. NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc position in the coming year. This figure includes only new doctorate recipients who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents. SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates New Postdoc Rate by Race/Ethnicity and Field of Study: 2009 18

20. New Postdocs with Position in Academe by Field of Study: 2004–09 NOTE: New postdocs with position in academe is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions in academic institutions. SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates 19

21. NOTE: New postdocs in U.S. is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions located in the U.S. Includes only temporary visa holders with doctorates from U.S. universities. SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates New Postdocs in U.S. on Temporary Visas by Field of Study: 2000–09 20

22.  Biennial longitudinal survey of individuals from the SED  Research doctorates in science, engineering, or health (SEH) fields  Followed through age 75  2008 Response rate: 81 percent Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) 21

23. Selected Survey Items on the SDR Citizenship status Marital status Age Demographics Degrees Field of study Year of degree award Recent Educational Experiences Occupation Sector of employment Postdoc status Work activities Salary Employment 22

24. SDR Postdoc Questions What was the title of the principal job you held during the week of [survey reference week]? Was this job a “postdoc”? A “postdoc” is a temporary position awarded in academe, industry, a non- profit organization, or government primarily for gaining additional education and training in research.  Yes  No (If Yes) What were your reasons for taking this postdoc? 23

25. Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by citizenship status and sex: 2006 & 2008 April 2006October 2008 CountPercentCountPercent Total on Postdoc29,890100.0%27,300100.0% Citizenship U.S. citizen18,26061.1%16,70061.2% Non-U.S. citizen11,63038.9%10,50038.5% Sex Male17,79059.5%16,20059.3% Female12,10040.5%11,00040.3% NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total. SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 24

26. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by sex: 2006 & 2008 NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total. SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients Employed full time or part time April 2006October 2008 CountPercentCountPercent Males Total employed 438,900100.0%451,300100.0% Postdocs 17,7904.1%16,2003.6% Females Total employed 182,730100.0%199,900100.0% Postdocs 12,1006.6%11,0005.5% 25

27. SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients Postdoc status of doctoral scientists and engineers, by years since doctorate and broad field of doctorate: 2008 26

28. FieldCountPercent Total in postdoc 27,300100.0% Science 23,60086.4% Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences14,90054.6% Computer/information sciences3001.1% Mathematics/statistics6002.2% Physical sciences5,10018.7% Psychology2,2008.1% Social sciences5001.8% Engineering3,00011.0% Health7002.6% Doctoral scientists and engineers employed as postdocs, by field of doctorate: 2008 NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 100. Due to rounding, data may not add to total. SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 27

29. Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by employment sector: 2006 & 2008 Employment sectorApril 2006October 2008 CountPercentCountPercent All sectors29,890100.0%27,300100.0% Educational institutions23,60079.0%18,20066.7% Business/industry3,78012.6%5,60020.5% Government2,5008.4%3,50012.8% NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total. SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 28

30. Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in S&E (GSS)  Annual census survey of all U.S. academic institutions granting research-based master’s or doctoral degrees in SEH  2010 GSS – 574 institutions 692 affiliated schools 13,711 units (departments, programs, research centers, health facilities)  Institutional Response Rate: over 99% 29

31. Postdoc Data from the GSS  Demographics  Largest Source of Support  Mechanism of Support  Doctoral Degree Type  Origin of Doctoral Degree 30

32. Distribution of Postdocs in S&E 31

33. Female Share of Postdocs in S&E 32

34. Foreign Postdocs in S&E Proportion of postdocs in science and engineering fields with temporary visas: 1989–2009 33

35. Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC Survey)  Annual census survey of all FFRDCs from NSF’s Master Government List and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program  2010 survey 39 FFRDCs NIH’s Intramural Research Program  Response Rate: 100% 34

36. Postdoc Data from the FFRDC Survey  Postdoc definition  Demographics  Sex  Citizenship Status  Financial Support  Field of Research 35

37. Postdocs at FFRDCs NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008 SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010 Administration TypeTotal Number of Postdocs 2007 (n=22 FFRDCs) 2009 (n=23 FFRDCs) 2010 (n=22 FFRDCs) All Types2,235100%2,449100%3,011100% University-administered FFRDCs82537%1,02242%1,23441% Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs44320% 55723%71924% Industry-administered FFRDCs96743%87036%1,05835% 36

38. Postdocs at FFRDCs by Source of Support and Citizenship Source of Support FederalNonfederal All postdocs Total Federal U.S. Citizens & Permanent Residents Temporary visa holders Total Non- federal U.S. citizens & permanent residents Temporary visa holders 20072,2352,0308371,19320562143 20092,4492,2587701,1241815242 20103,0112,5411,0321,50918464120 37 NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008 SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010

39. Postdocs at NIH Intramural Research Program by Source of Support and Citizenship Source of Support FederalNonfederal All postdocs Total Federal U.S. Citizens & Permanent Residents Temporary visa holders Total Non- federal U.S. citizens & permanent residents Temporary visa holders 20073,3673,2501,3021,94811712105 20093,6353,5501,4912,05985283 20103,5393,4971,5581,93942339 38 NOTE: Data were not collected in 2008 SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010

40. Early Career Doctorate Study (ECD)  Fill gaps in data from current NCSES surveys, including GSS, SED, and SDR  Collect information from ECD holders, including postdocs, about their characteristics, experiences, and outcomes Education Professional activities Employer demographics Professional and personal life balance Training and research opportunities Career paths and plans 39

41. ECD  2012 Pilot study of individual ECDs in the Academic and Government employment sectors GSS eligibile institutions FFRDCs NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP)  Develop frame for employment sectors  2013 full-scale data collection of the individual ECDs in the Academic and Government sectors 40

42. Higher Education R&D Survey (HERD)  Census of all universities and colleges with minimum of $150,000 in R&D spending (N = 725 in FY 2009)  Conducted annually from FY 1972–2009 as the Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, expanded and renamed Higher Education R&D Survey for FY 2010  Voluntary (response rates regularly over 95%) 41

43. HERD  Collects expenditures for all separately budgeted R&D performed at institutions during previous FY  Data published at the institution level, public release of FY 2010 data expected in late 2011/early 2012 42

44. HERD Expenditures by source of funding and field of R&D Character of work (basic research, applied research, or development) Amount expended on research equipment, by R&D field Amount passed through to subrecipients or received as a subrecipient R&D expenditures with funds from foreign sources 43

45. HERD R&D expenditures within a medical school Federal and nonfederal clinical trial R&D expenditures R&D expenditures from ARRA awards Specific cost elements of R&D expenditures (salaries, software, equipment, etc.) Number of personnel and postdocs paid from R&D accounts FY 2010 requested number of postdocs paid from salaries and wages included in total R&D expenditures reported 44

46. HERD Postdoc Definition 1. Holds a recent doctorate awarded within the last 5 years PhD or equivalent degree such as an ScD or DEng or first professional degree in a medical or related field (MD, DDS,DO, DVM) or Foreign degree equivalent to a U.S. doctoral degree 2. Has a limited-term appointment, no more than 5–7 years Primarily for training in research or scholarship; and Working under the supervision of a senior scholar in a unit affiliated with institution 45

47.  John Finamore, NSCG: 703-292-2258, jfinamor@nsf.govjfinamor@nsf.gov  Mark Fiegener, SED: 703-292-4622, mfiegene@nsf.govmfiegene@nsf.gov  Lynn Milan, SDR: 703-292-2275, lmilan@nsf.govlmilan@nsf.gov  Kelly Kang, GSS: 703-292-7796, kkang@nsf.govkkang@nsf.gov  Kelly Phou, ECDS: 703-292-4722, kphou@nsf.govkphou@nsf.gov  Ronda Britt, HERD: 703-292-7765, rbritt@nsf.govrbritt@nsf.gov NCSES Contact Information 46