2. Step Up To: Discovering Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007) From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007)

3. Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and Coping Stressed Out? Mind-Body Connection Why Me? Deal with it! Applications

4. 100 200 300 400 500 Stressed Out?

5. 100 200 300 400 500 Mind-Body Connection

6. 100 200 300 400 500 Why Me?

7. 100 200 300 400 500 Deal with it!

8. 100 200 300 400 500 Applications

9. 1. Whether or not we experience stress depends upon: A) the situation. B) how life-threatening it is. C) our cognitive appraisal. D) whether or not others are involved. A) the situation. B) how life-threatening it is. C) our cognitive appraisal. D) whether or not others are involved.

10. 2. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to measure: A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress. B) the impact of negative events on stress. C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event. D) the individual’s response to stressful events. A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress. B) the impact of negative events on stress. C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event. D) the individual’s response to stressful events.

11. 3. Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are called: A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks. A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks.

12. 4.Individuals who come to another country and adopt the new culture as their own are said to be: A) migrants. B) immigrants. C) acculturated. D) assimilated. A) migrants. B) immigrants. C) acculturated. D) assimilated.

13. 5. Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not want to live. This is an example of a(n) __ conflict. A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance

14. 6. When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) adrenal A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) adrenal

15. 7. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called: A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone. A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone.

16. 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they have some negative properties that cause: A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) weakening of the immune system. D) all of the above. A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) weakening of the immune system. D) all of the above.

17. 9. The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and immune systems is called: A) organic psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology. A) organic psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology.

18. 10. Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome. A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown

19. 11. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may be reduced by: A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) use of tranquilizing agents. D) an increased sense of will- power. A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) use of tranquilizing agents. D) an increased sense of will- power.

20. 12.Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she: A) tends to use external, unstable and specific explanations. B) tends to be more realistic and accurate in her assessments. C) tends to experience more stress than optimists. D) does all of the above. A) tends to use external, unstable and specific explanations. B) tends to be more realistic and accurate in her assessments. C) tends to experience more stress than optimists. D) does all of the above.

21. 13.The association of Type A behavior pattern with heart disease was found to be due primarily to one factor, which is: A) pessimism. B) intense ambition or competitiveness. C) an exaggerated sense of time urgency. D) hostility. A) pessimism. B) intense ambition or competitiveness. C) an exaggerated sense of time urgency. D) hostility.

22. 14. Social relationships have what effect on stress? A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress. A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress.

23. 15.Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the following except: A) talking about yourself or your own problems. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework. A) talking about yourself or your own problems. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework.

24. 16.Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as: A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) problem-focused coping. D) spring break. A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) problem-focused coping. D) spring break.

25. 17.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance. A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance.

26. 18.Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on: A) a problem-focused coping style. B) an emotion-focused coping style. C) controlling the situation. D) an optimistic coping strategy. A) a problem-focused coping style. B) an emotion-focused coping style. C) controlling the situation. D) an optimistic coping strategy.

27. 19.In response to stress, women are more likely to: A) create large social networks. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) respond to a placebo. A) create large social networks. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) respond to a placebo.

28. 20.After the hurricane hit, those in the affected community helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates: A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping. A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping.

29. 21.The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress except: A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation. A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation.

30. 22.The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, word, or phrase. A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery

31. 23. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell him: A) nicotine is a stimulant. B) smoking will make his stress worse. C) smoking raises heart rate and blood pressure. D) all of the above. A) nicotine is a stimulant. B) smoking will make his stress worse. C) smoking raises heart rate and blood pressure. D) all of the above.

32. 24.“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy called: A) negative reappraisal. B) planful problem solving. C) optimistic style. D) denial. A) negative reappraisal. B) planful problem solving. C) optimistic style. D) denial.

33. 25.Which of the following can help you get “unstuck” in an approach-avoidance conflict? A) Keep thinking about it until the answer is clear. B) Objectively analyze the pros and cons. C) Talk to a friend who has the same conflict. D) “Sleep on it” and wake up with a solution. A) Keep thinking about it until the answer is clear. B) Objectively analyze the pros and cons. C) Talk to a friend who has the same conflict. D) “Sleep on it” and wake up with a solution.

35. Stop here, or continue as a review

36. 1.Whether we experience stress depends upon: A) the situation. B) how life threatening it is. C) our cognitive appraisal. D) whether or not others are involved. A) the situation. B) how life threatening it is. C) our cognitive appraisal. D) whether or not others are involved. 477

37. 2.The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to measure: A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress. B) the impact of negative events on stress. C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event. D) the individual’s response to stressful events. A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress. B) the impact of negative events on stress. C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event. D) the individual’s response to stressful events. 478

38. 3. Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are called: A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks. A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks. 479

39. 4.Individuals who come to another country and adopt the new culture as their own are said to be: A) migrants. B) immigrants. C) acculturated. D) assimilated. A) migrants. B) immigrants. C) acculturated. D) assimilated. 481

40. 5. Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not want to live. This is an example of a/an __ conflict. A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance 480

41. 6.When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) adrenal A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) adrenal 483

42. 7.During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called: A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone. A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone. 483

43. 8.Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but have some negative properties resulting in: A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) lowering the immune system. D) all of the above. A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) lowering the immune system. D) all of the above. 484

44. 9.The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and immune systems is called: A) organic psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology. A) organic psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology. 486

45. 10.Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome. A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown 484

46. 11.Among those of western cultures, stress may be lowered by: A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) use of tranquilizing agents. D) an increased sense of will- power. A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) use of tranquilizing agents. D) an increased sense of will- power. 488

47. 12.Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she: A) tends to use external, unstable and specific explanations. B) tends to be more realistic and accurate in her assessments. C) tends to experience more stress than optimists. D) does all of the above. A) tends to use external, unstable and specific explanations. B) tends to be more realistic and accurate in her assessments. C) tends to experience more stress than optimists. D) does all of the above. 489

48. 13.The association of Type A behavior pattern with heart disease was found to be due primarily to one factor, which is: A) pessimism. B) intense ambition or competitiveness. C) an exaggerated sense of time urgency. D) hostility. A) pessimism. B) intense ambition or competitiveness. C) an exaggerated sense of time urgency. D) hostility. 491

49. 14.Social relationships have what effect on stress? A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress. A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress. 493

50. 15.Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the following except: A) talking about yourself or your own problems. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework. A) talking about yourself or your own problems. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework. 495

51. 16.Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as: A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) problem-focused coping. D) spring break. A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) problem-focused coping. D) spring break. 497

52. 17.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance. A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance. 499

53. 18.Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on: A) a problem-focused coping style. B) an emotion-focused coping style. C) controlling the situation. D) an optimistic coping strategy. A) a problem-focused coping style. B) an emotion-focused coping style. C) controlling the situation. D) an optimistic coping strategy. 500

54. 19. In response to stress, women are more likely to: A) create large social networks. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) respond to a placebo. A) create large social networks. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) respond to a placebo. 498

55. 20.After the hurricane hit, those in the affected community helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates: A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping. A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping. 497

56. 21.The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress except: A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation. A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation. 501

57. 22.The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, word, or phrase. A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery 501

58. 23.James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell him: A) nicotine is a stimulant. B) smoking will make his stress worse. C) smoking raises heart rate and blood pressure. D) all of the above. A) nicotine is a stimulant. B) smoking will make his stress worse. C) smoking raises heart rate and blood pressure. D) all of the above. 500

59. 24.“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy called: A) negative reappraisal. B) planful problem solving. C) optimistic style. D) denial. A) negative reappraisal. B) planful problem solving. C) optimistic style. D) denial. 497

60. 25.Which of the following can help you get “unstuck” in an approach-avoidance conflict? A) Keep thinking about it until the answer is clear. B) Objectively analyze the pros and cons. C) Talk to a friend who has the same conflict. D) “Sleep on it” and wake up with a solution. A) Keep thinking about it until the answer is clear. B) Objectively analyze the pros and cons. C) Talk to a friend who has the same conflict. D) “Sleep on it” and wake up with a solution. 480

61. AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments Step Up Created by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury Worth Publishers, 2007 Step Up Created by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury Worth Publishers, 2007

62. AnswersAnswers 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.B