1. WikiLeaks, Snowden and Civil Liberties vs. Public Security By Jeff South | Fulbright Scholar | U.S.A. Teaching at Northeast Normal University, Changchun

5. Whistle-blowing Definition and history Law and ethics Journalistic considerations What society might do to address these issues

7. Supporters’ view Martyrs for public interest Holding institutions accountable Sacrificing themselves for the public good

8. Opponents’ view ‘Traitors’ or ‘defectors’ Deluded, mistaken, unaware of big picture ‘Axe to grind’ Personal glory and fame Motivated by greed

9. Forms of retaliation Fired, suspended Demoted Mistreated Sued Treason! Put in jail

10. Early history Continental Congress, 1778 U.S. Civil War Term coined in 1970s Whistleblower protection laws But still retaliation occurs

11. My Lai Massacre 1968: Vietnam War U.S. soldiers killed 400-500 villagers A soldier, Ron Ridenhour, learned about atrocities Contacted public officials and the press

12. Ridenhour’s words ‘Government institutions’ first response to exposure of corruption and wrongdoing: lie, conceal and cover up. Once an institution has embraced a particular lie, it will forever proclaim its innocence.’

13. My Lai Massacre Lt. William Calley convicted, but served no prison time Ridenhour became a journalist; died at 52

14. Pentagon Papers Daniel Ellsberg Military analyst In 1971, gave politicians and journalists a secret Defense Department study about the Vietnam War ‘Pentagon Papers’ case

15. Pentagon Papers Showed U.S. government had lied about the war New York Times ran story U.S. Supreme Court: No ‘prior restraint’ President Nixon outraged; ordered burglary

16. Ellsberg’s words ‘As an American citizen, as a responsible citizen, I could no longer cooperate in concealing this information from the American public. I am prepared to answer to all the consequences of this decision.’

17. Ellsberg’s fate Turned himself in 1973 trial Break-in and illegal wiretapping revealed Ellsberg acquitted

18. WikiLeaks Encourages whistleblowers

20. WikiLeaks 2010: Collateral Murder

21. WikiLeaks Encourages whistleblowers 2010: Collateral Murder 500,000 documents on wars in Afghanistan & Iraq State Department ‘cables’ (working with newspapers in U.S., U.K. and Germany)

23. Fall-out U.S. investigated Assange WikiLeak Twitter accounts Cut off hosting & donations Bradley/Chelsea Manning convicted of espionage, but not ‘aiding enemy’ 35 years in prison

24. Manning’s words He leaked cables ‘to show the true cost of war. … I am sorry that my actions hurt people. I am sorry for the unintended consequences of my actions. When I made these decisions I believed I was going to help people, not hurt people.’

26. Hero or traitor? Obama: ‘He broke the law’

28. Edward Snowden Computer expert for CIA, then defense contractors Upset over surveillance by U.S. government Monitoring Internet and phone communication Took thousands of files

29. Edward Snowden Leaked to Guardian and Washington Post U.S. charges: espionage Now temporary asylum in Russia

30. Snowden’s words ‘There is a huge difference between legitimate spying and dragnet mass surveillance... These programs were never about terrorism: they’re about economic spying, social control, and diplomatic manipulation. The public had a right to know about these programs.’

38. Snowden aftermath Obama: Let’s have a debate; Snowden must stand trial Supporters: Snowden is a hero for exposing NSA Reporters won awards

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40. 00:36-02:54 … 06:58-07:30

41. Differences? Ridenhour/Ellsberg vs. Manning/Snowden In the material they leaked? To whom they leaked it? What they did afterward?

42. The debate How to weigh individual liberties vs. public security Internal controls & trust Protection for whistleblowers How to assess damage Our digital world: End of privacy?